Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): EUROASIAN HEALTH JOURNAL

Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the hepatobiliary system, characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. The aim of this literature review was to systematize and analyze current data on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and surgical treatment of сholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on identifying unresolved issues and promising directions for further research. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. Articles published between 2018 and 2025, primarily in peer-reviewed journals, were included. Selection criteria comprised the presence of clinical or experimental data, methodological and statistical reliability, and availability in English or Russian. The review encompassed original research, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and individual case reports. Despite advances in molecular biology, imaging technologies, and surgical techniques, early diagnosis of сholangiocarcinoma remains challenging, which significantly limits the potential for curative treatment. Currently, surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy is the only approach capable of providing long-term survival. However, even after radical surgery, recurrence rates remain high, and overall survival outcomes are unsatisfactory. Contemporary research efforts are focused on the identification of novel biomarkers for early detection, refinement of preoperative resectability assessment, and the development of personalized systemic therapies. Particular attention is given to targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which offer promising opportunities to improve oncological outcomes and quality of life for patients. In conclusion, comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms of сholangiocarcinoma carcinogenesis, integration of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and strengthening of multidisciplinary collaboration remain key prerequisites for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving prognosis in this patient population. 

The goal of the study: to identify modern methods of developing professional competencies among medical workers in remote healthcare.
Objectives of the study: to identify modern methods of training medical specialists to work in remote healthcare environments worldwide and to outline modern ways of training medical specialists to work in remote healthcare environments in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Materials and methods. The study included an analysis of specialized literature on this topic. Research methods included chronological, narrative, and analytical approaches.
Results. The Russian Federation implements state educational programs to train medical specialists for remote healthcare, and virtual reality and telemedicine methods are widely used. The Kyrgyz Republic currently lacks a separate program to train medical specialists for remote healthcare. Physicians working at remote industrial sites complete a standard course in emergency care at the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training.
Conclusions. Remote healthcare is currently an important issue in the healthcare sector. Improving and maintaining the health of the working-age population has been identified as a priority at the state level. The role of medical personnel in achieving this goal is key. Therefore, the need to develop a
system for training medical specialists for remote healthcare in the Kyrgyz Republic is noted.