Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): VESTNIK of KSMA

The purpose of the work was to analyze the professional factors forming the state of health of civil servants and qualitative indicators of polyclinic care to substantiate recommendations for the implementation of measures to improve them on the basis of consideration of the data obtained. Materials served as indicators of polyclinic service of civil servants in Medcentre hospitals. Methods of research were survey and description of results of estimation of conditions of professional activity of civil servants, volumes and quality of their polyclinic service, indicators of morbidity, analysis of data of visits by them to polyclinic services, dispensary examination of patients with diseases and risk factors of diseases. The data obtained can be the basis for the substantiation of effective measures to improve the health of civil servants and improve the quality of their polyclinic services.

The article shows the influence of physical activity on mental activity of students. Scientific data on the influence of physical activity on the physiological state of the body and mental functions of a person are given. The analysis of the progress of students involved in physical culture in the theoretical and main groups was carried out. The level of knowledge of students is assessed and the correlation of the influence of physical activity on mental activity and working capacity during their training and examination session is shown. Student activity is associated with a heavy workload in classrooms, low physical activity, malnutrition, insufficient recovery and sometimes psychological overload, which leads to a decrease in health. Clearly this problem needs to be deeply studied and solved comprehensively. This question is very relevant for our study. And one of the obligatory elements of its resolution will be the involvement of young people in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. And in this sense, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of physical education as a structural link in the system of higher education. The correct organization of physical activity of students contributes to the improvement of academic performance and the ability to acquire knowledge, which is a consequence of the considerable influence of physical activity on the mental abilities of students.

Objective: to assess the adherence of bronchial asthma therapy in patients at the primary level of healthcare in the Kyrgyz Republic to the recommendations of the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Methods: 104 patients were surveyed (27.9% male and 72.1% female, mean age 49.1±16 years), and anamnestic and clinical data were collected. Asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), patients' medical records were analyzed, and spirometry with bronchodilator testing was performed. Results: The majority of patients (79.8%) had allergic asthma. Asthma was uncontrolled in 81 (77.9%) patients, and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was decreased to 67.5%±20.6. It was found that 32.6% of patients abuse short-acting adrenostimulants in large quantities and many patients do not receive the recommended anti-inflammatory therapy with ICS. Conclusions. The data from this study suggest that the majority of patients with bronchial asthma are not receiving appropriate management that corresponds to modern GINA recommendations and standards, as well as having low levels of awareness and poor control over their asthma

The results of repeated operations for postoperative peritonitis were studied in 24 patients who had previously undergone cholecystectomy. Most of the studied patients were over 50 years old and had signs of multiple organ failure. The indicators of hemodynamics, respiration, consciousness, body temperature, intestinal peristalsis, daily diuresis, clinical and biochemical blood parameters before and after rehabilitation relaparotomy were comparatively analyzed. It was found out that the timing of normalization of the postoperative general condition of patients and the indicators of hemogram and blood biochemistry directly depends on such a factor as multiple organ failure. The frequency of postoperative complications was 25%. Postoperative mortality in operated patients was observed only in those who had multiple organ failure: 2 out of 24 patients with acute complicated cholecystitis died, which is 8.3%.

The present study was conducted in the consultative and diagnostic department of the Research Institute of Heart Surgery and Organ Transplantation.
The design of the study included two stages: at the first stage, a cohort examination of schoolage children and adolescents in Bishkek was conducted (2,410 children and adolescents from 7 to 18 years were examined on the basis of the Family medicine Center No. 3), at the second stage, a prospective dynamic observation was carried out with the analysis of clinical and functional indicators of 140 patients with congenital heart defects before and after surgical correction at the age of 8 months to 50 years, and a retrospective study of outpatient charts was conducted to clarify the structure of congenital heart defects. Then recommendations were formed to improve the organization of medical care for patients with congenital heart defects.
The purpose of the study: to develop an organizational model for improving the process of diagnosing patients with congenital heart defects.   By the method of organizational modeling ("Organizational model of improving the diagnostic process"), algorithms for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects have been developed, whichare the basis for early detection of defects, monitoring of patients and prevention of complications.

The paper gives a comparative clinical and epidemiological characteristic of secretory diarrhea in 117 young children with rotavirus and norovirus infections who received treatment at the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in Bishkek for the period 2016- 2020. As a result of the study, it was found that secretory diarrhea caused by rotavirus is more often (58,1%) observed in children of the first year of life, especially at the age of 6 to 9 months. (36,0%). Whereas norovirus infection, significantly p<0.01 more often (61,3%) occurs among children aged 1 to 3 years, with an aggravated premorbid background (64,5%), including anemia (40,0%) and rickets (25,0%). Basically, children from the compared groups were admitted in the winter season (88,5%; 67,8%) and were residents of the city of Bishkek (60,5%; 67,7%), boys predominated among the patients (54,7%; 54,8%). The disease in the 2 compared groups began acutely with symptoms of gastroenteritis. Secretory diarrhea caused by rotavirus proceeded mainly in severe form (61,4%; 45,2%) with an unfavorable outcome in 4,0% of cases. In children with norovirus infection, significantly p<0.01 more often (38,6%; 51,6%), the disease proceeded in a moderate form. It should be noted that the symptoms of moderate dehydration (31,3%; 48,4%) were more often detected in children with norovirus infection (group 2). The diagnosis of rotavirus and norovirus infections was confirmed using an immunochromatographic rapid stool test. All children with norovirus infection and the vast majority (96,0%) of children with rotavirus infection were discharged from the hospital with improvement.

This article presents a case of expert evaluation of chlorhexidine poisoning duringits intravenous administration to a woman in labor who was admitted to the maternity ward for aplanned caesarean section, despite only external or oral use of it as an antiseptic. The toxic effect of chlorhexidine began with discomfort in the chest, shortness of breath, then deep hypoxic phenomena appeared with absent consciousness: in the form of diffuse cyanosis of the skin, pasty face, respiratory disorders that required connection to a ventilator, a sharp decrease in oxygen saturation in the blood to 77% with a further decrease to 60%, a picture of pronounced hemorrhagic pulmonary edema. The consequences of poisoning from a forensic position are assessed as life-threatening conditions, and removal of the uterus in order to prevent profuse atonic bleeding is considered as organ loss. These signs are characteristic of causing Serious harm to health. The legal assessment of the actions of a medical worker is the prerogative of the judicial and investigative authorities.

The article presents the results of a cohort retrospective analysis of the commission forensic medical examinations of “medical cases” for 2017-2021 based on the materials of the Republican Center for Medical Evaluation of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic. It has been established that over the analyzed period, the number of commission examinations has a clear upward trend: in 2017 - 64 cases (9.78%), in 2018 - 86 (12.63%), 2019 - 92 cases (16.46%), 2020 - 179 (29.1%) cases, in 2021 - 80 (13.96%) out of 501 cases of commission examinations on “medical cases”. A significant number of the appointed examinations relate to the professional activities of obstetrician-gynecologists (131 cases, accounting for 26.1%) and surgeons (65 cases - 12.9%). Among the commission examinations, a fairly large part was submitted by examinations on Covid-19 (72 cases - 14.37%) and examinations on AIDS infection (47 cases -9.3%). It is also interesting that the circle of involved medical disorders also includes specialists who are not related to extreme medicine (phthisiatricians, oncologists, therapists, neurologists).

An analysis of the epidemiological situation for adult pneumotuberculosis and the ecological and sanitary and hygienic conditions in the Astrakhan region of Russia was carried out. Correlations between the spread of hydrogen sulfide and the direction of wind flow in nearby populated areas have been identified. The amount of aerotechnogenic pollutant emissions from road transport correlates with adult morbidity. And theareaslocated most closely are the most
adversely affected by the enterprises of Gazprom Dobycha Astrakhan LLC, which contributes to the infection of the population with Koch’swand. To reduce this impact of emissions from these enterprises, it is necessary to strengthen sanitary and hygienic control as well as make regular and timely technical improvements to the equipment of Gazprom Dobycha Astrakhan LLC enterprises. Residents of these territories should have regular medical examinations with appropriate diagnostics and be provided with timely notifications of harmful pollutants emissions.

In many regions of Central Asia and Russia, an increase in the number of cases of echinococcosis has been observed in recent years. The postoperative mortality rate of surgical patients with cystic echinococcosis has so far averaged 2,2%, and in 6,5% of cases there have been recurrences after surgery requiring a long recovery period. The goal of the research was to analyze the structure of morbidity and prevalence of echinococcosis in the Kyrgyz Republic. The analysis of the official data of the National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic on morbidity and prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases, including echinococcosis for the period from 2001 to 2022 was carried out. A retrospective analysis of epidemiological and laboratory-instrumental data of case histories of 1024 operated patients with echinococcosis in the secondary level hospital (City Clinical Hospital №1, Bishkek) for the period from 2018 to 2022 was performed. The incidence of echinococcosis in the Kyrgyz Republic from 2001 to 2021 increased 2.6-fold with an annual growth rate of 14,6%, reaching 19,2 per 100 thousand population by 2015 with a subsequent decrease in 2021 to 9,9 per 100 thousand population. The decrease in the number of new cases of echinococcosis in 2019- 2021, in our opinion, indicates an insufficient level of diagnostic measures, population migration and deterioration of the socioeconomic and sanitary-epidemiological state of the country. Echinococcosis occurred more frequently in persons of working age (mean age 35±16 years), mostly inhabitants of rural areas (67,3%), having close contact with flesh-eating animals (58,4%). The prevalence of complicated forms of echinococcosis among the operated patients was 64,7%, which increased the period of hospitalization by 5,3±2,4 days.

The article analyzes 232 case histories of children with COVID-19. The paper gives the epidemiological features of coronavirus infection in children from 0-14 years old who received treatment at the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital for the period March 2020. to March 2022, periods of epidemiological rise in incidence (“2nd and 3rd waves of COVID-19”). An increase in the number of hospitalized children during the “3rd wave of COVID-19”, a predominance (56.8%) of school-age children, an increase in severe forms of the disease and an increase in hospitalizations in the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital are shown. The highest incidence rates (96.1%) were in Bishkek city, Chui region. During the observation period, there was a wave-like rise in the incidence with the development of the “2nd and 3rd waves of COVID-19”. A territorial mosaic of the incidence of COVID-19 in children was revealed. Laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 (U07.1) infection in children was in 88.7% of cases, detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs by real- time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

The present article considers the role of the games in teaching a foreign language at the higher medical educational institution. A well-planned and methodically thought out game provides comprehensive acquisition of material being studied, mastering efficient speaking skill and promotes its creative use in speech communication and practical assimilation of medical terminology. The main functions of games implanted in classes in a foreign language for students are analyzed in this article.

Latin, being the language of science, has had a great influence on the formation of the medical vocabulary of the English language, which is represented by borrowed Latin and Greek terms. Penetrating into the medical terminology of the English language, Greek-Latin borrowings adapted to the structure of this language, underwent phonetic, spelling and grammatical changes. The purpose of the work: to consider the features of assimilation of Greek- Latin borrowings in the medical terminology of the English language. The features of Greek- Latin borrowings included in the medical terminology of the English language at the phonetic and orthographic level are considered and analyzed. The analysis of borrowings is the most important aspect of the study of word-formation processes. Forming medical terminology, Latin and Latinized Greek elements interact with the English language. Despite the fact that the role of interaction for the further development of medical terminology is clear to specialists, the study of borrowings is currently an important of the Latin language study as the basis of terminilogy in medicine.

The article presents the facts of the scientific biography of the outstanding parasitologist of the 20th century, Honored Doctor and Honored Scientist of the Kyrgyz SSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences. professor N.P. Kevorkov. The results of his scientific activity during the years of work in Tashkent, Frunze and Kursk are shown. Shown is the contribution of N.P. Kevorkov in the study of the biology of pathogens of hymenolepiasis, trichomoniasis and lyamliosis, as well as in the prevention and treatment of these diseases, as well as in the formation of scientific communities in Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia.