Vol. 5 No. 5 (2017): VESTNIK of KSMA

«Фармакология как медицинская доктрина ...вещь чрезвычайно важная, первый прием лечения по универсальности есть введение лекарственных веществ в человеческий организм. Ведь какой бы случай ни был, даж е акушерский, хирургический, почти никогда необходится дело без того, чтобы вместе со специальными прие­мами не были введены в организм лекарства. Понятно, что точное изучение этого универсального орудия врача имеет или долж но иметь громадное значение». И.П. Павлов

The results of sociological research among students of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan on studying the assessment of problems of tobacco dependence are presented.The main motivational factors of smoking and rejection of it are revealed. An image of a potential consumer of medicinal products was modeled in case of quitting smoking. Recommendations for non-prescription drug therapy for quitting smoking are given.
 

The article presents the results of a study of acute toxicity and pharmacological activity of new piperidine derivatives compared to conventional local anesthetics. For preclinical studies used conventional methods. As a result, it was found that all tested compounds have low toxicity and showed varying degrees of activity with conduction anesthesia and infiltration.

Currently, apart from smoking sigarettes, using kalian and other tobacco containing products are widely spreading among the youth. Every day almost 100 millions people in the world smokes kalian. As many scientific journals show there is the rising popularity of using kalian. According to the data of W HO’s special­ ists, the use of kalian and its negative effects to human not less, than the harm of the sigarettes. Therefore, this research work aim at determing the motivating factors and reasons for use of tobacco containing products among the youth. The results of the work can be used in definig the methods to counter the smoking problem.

Article is devoted to studying system of intra-corporate training of experts with pharmaceutical education in the pharmaceutical organizations of various forms of ownership in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The level of proficiency in pharmaceutical workers of the main competences demanding for realization of the primary professional activity in the pharmaceutical organizations is defined.

As a result of the comparative analysis, polypragmasy were detected in all studied healthcare organ­ izations. Only single patients were prescribed the optimal amount of medicines. In terms of high levels of polypharmacy, Osh Interdepartmental Unified Clinical Hospital was in the lead, but since 2011 positive dy­ namics, while negative dynamics has been analyzed in the Jalalabad united regional hospital.

This article presents the results of studying the determinants of the use of dietary supplements containing calcium and the factors that affect their use among the population of the Kyrgyz Republic and comparison of obtained data from the principles of evidence-based practice.

In this article the precepts of law of the Russian Federation regulating an order of pharmaceutical consultation has been analyzed. The relevance of carrying out further researches on search of complex deci­sions on the organization of the pharmaceutical care for prophylaxis of diseases and strengthening of health at young people has been shown. The using of results of these researches as a basis for developing various stand­ ard operational procedures in the pharmaceutical organizations has been offered.

The article presents the results of designing a system for the provision of pharmaceutical care to urological patients at the stage of anesthesiology, resuscitation and intensive care based on the logical semantic model. The main coordinates constituting the system of rendering pharmaceutical assistance and the factors affecting it are shown.

The paper discusses the socio-economic factors that influenced the consumption of drugs the population in conditions of social and economic crisis. It was revealed that in times of crisis there is a drop in real incomes of the population, the growth of the consumer price index for drugs and reduced affordability of pharmaceutical care. Suggested ways of improving pharmaceutical care to the population by increasing the role of the information component o f the process of provision of quality pharmaceutical care, especially when on vacation OTC drugs.

To date, the urgency of pharmacovigilance activities in pharmacy organizations is due to the increase in the number of registered generic drugs, the bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence of which is not always confirmed by appropriate studies. However, pharmacy organizations have problems in carrying out pharmacovigilance measures (the buyer's unwillingness to specify all the details related to the use of drugs (75%) and the lack of time due to the heavy workload of the pharmaceutical worker (41.7%)). In addition, there is no well-established mechanism of this procedure, which indicates the need for further research in this area.

The results of the development of the composition and technology of obtaining the dry extract Padus Grayanae maxim in the form of capsules obtained by freeze drying are presented. In the process of developing a solid dosage form - capsules obtained by the classical method, their quality indicators are established: description, average mass, disintegration, dissolution, quantitative content of biologically active substances, microbiological purity. The obtained indicators are used in the development of analytical normative documentation for the ready dosage form in the form of capsules.

This article is devoted to tajik scientist-enciclopedish Abuali-Ibn-Sino, who got the world wide acknowledgment. In this legend work, which consists from 5 parts, 2 of it are devoted to medicine. Sino has collected rich arsenal of medicines, which took thousands of years by many scientists, also he added the medicines, which were the objects of his own observations. Among of them were the medicines, found through chemical way. By this way Ibn Sino created new pharmacology. In his book, the great scientist notes about the individual sensitivity of the organism to medicines, about the appearance of allergic reactions and addiction to medicinal substances. These phenomena Avicenna explains in his own way, describing the diversity of "mizozhy" in people.

The author’s research and experimental study of the most promising medicinal plants has revealed a pronounced hypoglycemic effect of the local flora. The reliable experimental data allow the authors to recommend the decoctions and extracts of Radix Geranium collinum, Fructus Sophorae japonicae, and infusion of Vitis vinifera for the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type II of mild to moderate severity.
 

The Tableau analysis system has been installed in all hospitals in the country since July 2017, with the exception of 2 hospitals where there is no online connection. The generated analytical model is based on 2 783 379 treated cases for 2014-2016 years.

The evaluation of the efficacy of the drugs of the class of actoprotectors assigned to correct the processes of adaptation of the cardiovascular system to miners of the Kumtor highland mine under the rotational method of labor organization is presented. In a randomized controlled study, 58 miners (men aged 19 to 45 years, drillers and mine walkers by profession), who are constantly working on the main production in the face, took part.

It is established that the drugs under study contribute to the acceleration of cardiovascular adaptation processes. In the "placebo" group, by the end of the second week, there is no complete cardiovascular adaptation. Metaproth accelerates the adaptation of the cardiovascular system. Joint reception metaprota with ladastenom allows to provide an optimum functional state of the cardiovascular system already in the first day of stay on the watch.

By expert estimates on the basis of the cybernetic approach was made to select the most effective and safe pharmaceuticals (Ph) for the treatment of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the conditions of sanatorium-resort treatment. A comparative analysis of the total cost of the studied combinations of Ph from leading distributors and identify the most economically advantageous terms for the purchase of medicines from the leading suppliers of the Republic of Bashkortostan.

The article presents the results of the analysis of public procurement of the immunostimulators in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2010-2016 years. A growth in purchase volumes of immunostimulative drugs is determined: the growth rate relative to previous period is averaged 107,31%.
The difference between the average growth rate of purchases of immunostimulators compared to the average growth rate of the total procurement of all medicines at the expense of budgetary funds made up 5.94%, which indicates a steady growth trend in the consumption of immunostimulative drugs in the Republic of Bashkor­ tostan.

Plants have always been synonymous with wealth for people and seen as a source of life, nourishment and well-being. The use of healing herbs becomes increasingly important for the treatment and prevention of many diseases, because the healing herbs and their derivatives have less toxic elements and side effects.

The article presents the peculiarities of organization of rendering medical and medicinal assistance to victims in emergency situations with mental injuries. The main assortment list of medicines necessary for rendering medical aid to victims in emergency situations with mental lesions is offered.

The review presents data of modern literature on the role of probiotics in clinical practice with ra­tional therapy of various disorders of normal microbiota of the human intestine, and also such topical and significant issues as safety and effectiveness in the use of probiotics.

The impact of cortexin in doses of 1 mg/kg (for 10 days) and 2 mg/kg (single use) on the degree of gastric mucosal (GM) damage caused by the introduction of phenylbutazone was studied. It was found that cortexin in a dose of 1 mg/kg had a protective effect of GM and had decreased the number of animals with ulcers by 40%,%, the total amount of ulcer destruction by 1,7 times and the number of ulcers per 1 rat by 2 times. High gastroprotective action was detected with cortexin in dose of 2 mg/kg: the total amount of ulcer destruction of GM decreased by 7,3 times, the number of ulcers per 1 rat by 7 times. The greatest efficacy was found in the combined application of omeprazole with cortexin in a dose of 2 mg / kg.

Medicinal plants are the valuable raw materials for obtaining herbal formulations with a wide range of pharmacological activities, which is fast-acting has not got any cumulative properties and less associated with side effects. Actively developing all over the world investigation of natural compounds' Chemistry is constantly increases the number of medicinal species of the plants.

Pharmacoepidemiological, retrospective study of the prescriptions of medicines to 205 sick children with ophthalmologists. The reference source is the Kazakhstan National Formulary of Medicines. 79% of children were with inflammatory diseases, 21% with eye injuries. Children aged: 0-1 year 76.5% of appointments off-label; 1-3 years - 5.3%; 3-6 years - 13%; 6 years and older - 15.4%. The off-label included unregulated ways of administration, contraindicated at a certain age and inappropriate doses of drugs. In 100% of cases, antibacterial agents were prescribed, 19 titles were used, 4 were not described in the formulary, 8 antibiotics were used inappropriately. 3 drugs are contraindicated in childhood, 5 do not correspond to the indication of
age and dosage regimen.

The article presents the project of the organisation of pharmaceutical care, clearly demonstrated in the semantic model of the organization of pharmaceutical care in the primary prevention of ischemic stroke.

Opinion poll was performed and peculiarities of consumption behavior in the context of buying biologically active additives (BAA) in pharmacy organizations of Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan, were detected. It was found that 74% of consumers are ready to spend no more than 200 RUR a month on BAA, preferring domestically produced BAA. Among the most efficient biologically active additives (BAAs) of own brands, consumers distinguished 11 BAAs of own brands, the average score of which ranges from 4,3 to 4,75. In four BAAs of own brands, con­ sumers pointed out the presence of side effects along with efficiency.

The article discusses topical issues of treatment in the pharmaceutical market of NSAIDs, their use in current clinical practice in the treatment of pain and inflammatory diseases. Considers issues of efficiency and security use as well as the role of the pharmacist in prevention of development of side effects when using NSAIDs.

This paper provides information on the prevalence of home accidents in the Kyrgyz Republic for 5 years. The available information about the level, structure and causes of injuries.

The article discusses topical issues of the use of evidence-based medicine in modern clinical prac­tice, its importance and role in improving the quality of medical care. Discussed questions of the effectiveness of the application of the principles of evidence-based medicine and clinical protocols by practicing doctors and pharmacists are discussed, as well as ways to optimize the use of evidence-based medicine in the training of doctors and pharmacists.
 

In this present work given generalizing information about internal mechanisms of facilities on subcellular and cellular level, studied with modem morphological methods of research of peripheral blood’s cells. The research of intracellular metabolism of peripheral blood’s cells with cytochemical and ultrastructure (elec­tro microscopic) methods, which allow to receive very important and having predictive value information about internal environment of organism.

In this case given the comparative characteristics of current of acute purulent wound process in the period of a deadaptation to highlands after descent from mountains for the 3 and 30 day of stay on the Too- Ashuu pass (3200 m above sea level) studied. Also given an evaluation effectiveness of using antibacterial Levomekol oil in the treatment of acute purulent inflammation of soft tissues to experimental rabbits in these periods.

the purpose of investigating the study of the post-physiological indicators of water-layer exchange in the placenta of parturient women with the action of increased radiation and mountain hypoxia.
 

Based on the results of previously published works, the article analyzes the metabolic processes in age-related macular degeneration based on the analysis of the concentration of essential trace elements, the lipid spectrum and lipid peroxidation of blood lipids in patients with AMD at different stages in comparison with the control group.

The article gives a literature review of the reasons for the growth of natural radioactive background of the earth and increasing information overload. Among the many works related to the effects of radiation and information load not rated yet the constant growth of two damaging factors and their combined effect on the brain.
 

Summary: A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of 90 patients with hypertensive intrac­erebral hemorrhage (HICH) was performed. Analysis showed surgical treatment of HICH is associated with a high risk of postoperative lethality with their ventricular, supratentorial localization, a volume of more than 80 cm3, with dislocation syndrome, with depressed consciousness of patients deeper than 7 points or less accord­ ing to the GCS.

This paper is devoted to the problems of neuroophthalmological diagnosis in patients with traumatic brain injury and systemic review of literature is presented.

This paper is devoted to the problems of neuroophthalmological diagnosis in patients with trau­ matic brain injury.

Objective: to determine the diagnostic value of protein S-100B level in blood serum at patients with mild head injury. M aterial and methods. We conducted prospective assessment of protein S100Blevel in blood serum at 19 patients, received conservative treatment because of mild head injury at Neurosurgical Clinic of National Hos­pital for the period of time 2012-2017. All patients underwent clinico-neurological examination, brain CT and brain MRI, electroencephalography (EEG). The level of protein S100B in blood serum was determined at onceduring patients’ admission, then repeated evaluation - in 24 and 48 hours. The comparative analysis of data, received by clinico-instrumental examination and measurement of protein S100Blevel at patients with mild head injury, was carried out. Results and discussion. We revealed the increase of protein S100B level higher than normal value (more than 105 tg/l) at 11 (58%) patients during first 6 hours after trauma. The elevation of protein S100Blevel in blood serum showed that there was structural damage of brain tissue (brain contusion). Brain CT revealed foci of brain injuries only at 73% of patients with increased protein S100B level (n=11 patients), while MRI - at 100%. Brain CT and MRI revealed no pathological areas in brain at patients with normal value of protein S-100e (n=8 patients).
There were no correlations between protein S100Blevel and type of brain injury, localization and volume of pathological focus and presence of cranial bones fractures. Also there was no significant correlation between protein S-100B level and changes in EEG (р > 0,05). Conclusions. Protein S100B is high-sensitivity biochemical marker of neural tissue damage. The elevation of protein S-100B level in blood serum at patients with mild head injury may be the additional criteria at deter­mining the diagnosis of brain contusion.

The aims of this study were to review the surgical outcomes of patients with chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) and assess the risks of antiplatelet in their surgical management. We retrospectively analyzed 112 consecutive patients with CSDH treated by one burr hole surgery at our institution. Among them, 16 patients had been on antiplatelet therapy. We analyzed the association between recurrence and patient characteristics, including history of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy; age (< 70 years or > 70 years); side; and previous medical history of head trauma, infarction, hypertension and other diseases.
Recurrence occurred in 10 patients (8.9%). Univariate analysis showed that only the presence of bilateral haematomas was associated with increased recurrence rate while antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy did not significantly increase recurrence risk. However, multivariate analysis revealed that previous history of cerebral infarction was an independent risk factor for CSDH recurrence.
Our overall data support the safety of early surgery for patients on the preoperative antiplatelet therapy without drug cessation or platelet infusion. Patients with a previous history of infarction may need to be closely followed regardless of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

The present work represents a post-hoc analysis of labor and delivery records of women with uterine scars, who have been admitted for delivery to the City perinatal center from January to December 2016. The survey included analysis of literature reports, calculation of frequency and study of the clinical progression of pregnancies, deliveries and postnatal period of patients with uterine scars. Indications and contraindications for defining the ideal mode of deliveries through cesarean operation or vaginal delivery have been evaluated.

We conducted a study of the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory blood cytokines in 96 young children in the acute period and the early convalescence stage of Escherichiosis. All children were divided into 3 groups. The first group included 34 children with Escherichiosis on the background of inactive VEB infection, the second group - 30 patients with an Escherichiosis with active VEB infection, the third group - 32 patients with Escherichiosis without сoncomitant viral infection (mono-infection). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy children of the same age and sex.
It was found that Escherichiosis in children of early age is accompanied by an increase in the level of proinflammatory interleukins of blood in an acute period with a gradual decrease in dynamics, while the content of anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 in the debut of Escherichiosis is maintained at the level of healthy children with subsequent increase in the period of convalescence. Escherichiosis in children infected with EBV is accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins in the acute period of the disease (in comparison with those who are not infected) and a slight decrease in dynamics, as well as a significant increase in the level of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in the period of convalescence. The degree of expression of these changes is directly proportional to the activity o f the background infection.
In our opinion, high rates of proinflammatory cytokines (especially TNF-a) in the acute period of Escherichiosis in children with EBV infection and maintaining their elevated values in the period o f convalescence, can be regarded as an immune malfunction, which can contribute not only to the adverse course of Escherichiosis, but also maintain a long-term persistence of EBV. Monitoring of interleukin levels in children with Escherichiosis may serve as an additional criterion for detecting the EBV- infection in patients.