Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): VESTNIK of KSMA

Summary: A retrospective analysis of case histories and a clinical and radiological examination of
132 patients with lower macrognathia, operated on using planar and vertical osteotomy of the
mandibular branches, were carried out. Complications of both methods of osteotomy of the branches
of the lower jaw can be observed during operations, in the immediate and long-term after operations,
and are associated with errors made during the outpatient stage of preparation for operations. The
predominance of complications of planar osteotomy of the mandibular branches over the
complications of vertical osteotomy in all stages of surgical rehabilitation is associated with the
complexity and traumatic nature of its implementation.

Abstract. The article discusses the issues concerning the problems of lower jaw injuries, in particular
the condylar process. We describe the method of surgical intervention in case of high fractures of the
condylar process of the lower jaw with dislocation of the articular head and the corresponding
complications. The surgeries were performed on the basis of OIUCH in the department of
maxillofacial surgery in Osh. Further study of the issues and solution of the tasks set is going on
regarding the problems of this issue.

Summary. To 43 patients after lower jaw resection with disarticulation (on the occasion of
neoplasm) the defects werereplaced by vascularized autotransplants of the 2nd radius of pedis and
vascularized fibula autotransplants in combination with titanium implants, hi all cases positive
results were received. The authors consider that microsurgery' with vascularized fibula autotransplants in combination with titanium implants was an optimal way to replace lower jaw
defects after its resection. 

The aim of the study was to optimize the protocol for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with
severe periodontitis by reducing the number of surgical procedures and the duration of complex
treatment. Material and research methods. Surgical treatment in 17 patients was performed in one
(n=14), two procedures (n=3), 145 teeth were removed, 33 sinus lifts were performed, 164 Straumann
implants were installed. Osteoplasty with collagen without the use of membranes. Prosthetics, with
the exception of one case, with non-removable ceramic structures. Research results and discussion.
On average, 8 teeth were removed per operation, 8 implants were installed. In just one operation, an
average of 17 manipulations were performed. Osseointegration occurred in 99% of cases, prosthetics
in 70% of cases - 3-4 months after the operation. There was no difference between the efficiency of
delayed implantation (100%) and immediate implantation (96%). Plastic surgery with collagen
materials demonstrated manufacturability and predicted results. Other important aspects of the
protocol are discussed. Conclusion. Implantation in patients with periodontitis is possible after
extraction of teeth according to an immediate protocol. Comprehensive treatment in patients with
severe periodontitis may consist of one or two operations and end with prosthetics as early as three or four months after the start of treatment. The proposed algorithm should be considered as a
specialized assistance and can be performed by any surgeon who has the appropriate qualifications
and experience in the field of periodontics and implantology.

Resume. From 2003 to the present, the authors have examined and treated 620 patients with salivary
stone disease. In the complex of therapeutic measures, 144 of them performed sialolithotripsy. In 476
patients, only surgical removal of a stone from various parts of the parotid or submandibular ducts
was performed. The control examination of patients was carried out up to 16 years after treatment.
As a result, lithotripsy made it possible to achieve "recovery" in 90 patients (63%). "Improvement"
was noted in 45 patients (31%). In 9 patients (6%), the condition after crushing was regarded as "no
change". Surgically, salivary stones from the posterior parts of the submandibular duct were
completely removed from 469 (out of 476) patients.
Thus, the results of our studies have shown that the presence of salivary stone disease with the
localization of concretion in the distal parts of the ducts of the glands is not an indication for the
removal of the latter.

Summary. The authors conducted a study of the state of the salivary glands in 50 patients with end-
stage chronic renal failure. A pronounced violation of the function of the salivary glands (SG) in these
patients by the type of xerostomia was established, which led to a change in the qualitative and
quantitative indicators of mixed saliva. After kidney transplantation, SG function improves, but is not
fully restored. An improvement in the hygienic condition of the oral cavity is also noted.
The secret of SG cleanses the oral mucosa from bacteria and food. Saliva immunoglobulins and
lysozyme are involved in the formation of oral immunity. Saliva forms a food bolus and makes it
easier to swallow food. Reduced salivation leads to indigestion and caries. All patients with end-stage
chronic renal failure had damage to all SG. A decrease in kidney function led to a change in the
composition and nature of salivation. In patients with saliva, toxic products were excreted, which are
normally excreted only by the kidneys. Normalization of salivation occurred after hemodialysis.
Patients after kidney transplantation require dispensary observation and preventive therapy of the salivary glands in order to improve and restore their function. Currently, there is no information in
the literature on the state of SG in patients after kidney transplantation. This was the basis for the
present work. 

Summary. Previous studies have shown in favor of the fact that the cause of xerostomia could be
such diseases as: asthenia, depression, vegetative-vascular dystonia, mental illness, states after stress.
At the same time, xerostomia worsened the psychological state of the patient, which, in turn, created
a vicious circle.
Taking into account the close connection of xerostomia with the psycho-emotional climate of the
patient and to objectify their psychological state, the authors used a questionnaire on the severity of
psychopathological symptoms (Simptom Check List-90-Revised - SCL-90-R) in 31 patients with
xerostomia.
The results of the work showed that patients with xerostomia tend to worsen their psychological
health.

Summary. The results showed that the macroelement composition of saliva differs depending on the
concomitant disease. Maximum levels of potassium in saliva were detected in psychotic disorders,
chlorine in diabetes mellitus, sodium, magnesium and phosphorus in bronchopulmonary pathology,
sulfur in gastrointestinal pathology, calcium in cardiovascular pathology.

Abstract. The aim of the work is to analyze the available domestic and foreign specialized literature
containing information on the possibility of using indicators of microcrystallization of oral fluid for
diagnosis, prediction of the development and course of diseases of the maxillofacial region, as well
as to assess the effectiveness of their treatment. The depth of the study is 15 years (2007-2022). A
descriptive method was used for the analysis. The results of the study indicate that a qualitative and
quantitative assessment of the crystal structure of a dried drop of oral fluid can be successfully used
in a number of diseases of the maxillofacial region both for the diagnosis and prediction of the
development and course of pathological processes of this localization, and for an objective assessment
of the effectiveness of their treatment and prevention of complications.

Summary: Aesthetic plastic surgery of the soft tissues of the oral cavity is aimed at eliminating
mucogingival defects that significantly worsen the appearance of the teeth. Marginal recession of the
gingival margin occupies the main place in the complaints of patients about aesthetic discomfort and
requires correction. This study presents clinical data on the comparative characteristics of the main
surgical methods for closing gingival recessions - flap techniques (coronary-displaced, lateral-
displaced flap) and the transplantation method (free gingival graft, two-layer and two-stage methods).
The highest probability of success in the surgical elimination of gingival recessions was obtained
with the use of an autogenous gingival graft.

Summary. Currently, on the market there are many different types of alloys that can be used to make
orthopedic fixed structures. With the development of technologies, in addition to traditional methods
of prosthetics, prosthetics on dental implants is becoming increasingly important, and this dictates
special requirements for the choice of structural material, as there is a constant contact of orthopedic
construction with titanium alloys of dental implants. The general condition for all materials is their
constant presence in the oral cavity for a long time, and, as a result, they have a constant effect on the
oral cavity and the human body as a whole. Therefore, knowledge of the biocompatibility of dental
alloys is of great importance.

Summary: In the experimental conditions was studied the influence of the developed new complex
method of treatment of dentoalveolar abnormalities on the blood coagulability of animals. It was
revealed, that the offered method of treatment did not exert pathological influence on coagulability
of a blood coagulability though it was accompanied by some dynamic changes of separate indicators.

Summary. The article presents the etiological factors of inflammatory periodontal diseases and
modern methods of their treatment. The microbial factor is paramount in the etiology of inflammatory
periodontal diseases. Antibiotic treatment does not give the desired result, as resistant strains develop.
The use of laser therapy allows you to disinfect the oral cavity, reduce pain sensitivity, prevent
bleeding, and have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic effects. Even more opportunities open up when
using Photodynamic therapy, the essence of which is the laser irradiation of a photosensitizer
substance applied to the affected area and the selective destruction of pathogenic microflora.

Summary. New data on the response of periodontal tissues to the load allow us to understand the
processes occurring in the dentition during chewing, orthodontic treatment and prosthetics. An in
vitro experiment on cadaveric segments of the mandible with a preserved periodontal ligament was
carried out when individual teeth were loaded with subsequent recording of deformations using the
method of holographic interferometry. The obtained evaluation results of deformation of various
periodontal components allowed to calculate the average coefficient reflecting the deformation ratio
of all periodontal complex to an isolated strain of the jawbone in the area of the loaded tooth. This
parameter has been equal to 2.69 ± 1.09. In addition, the coefficient has been determined,
characterizing the deformation of the periodontal ligament depending on the magnitude of the load,
equal to 1,89±1,15 μm/kgf. Determined parameters in the future can be used to solve a wide range of
scientific and practical problems.

Resume. The article describes the clinical and technological features of prosthetics with ceramic and
metal-ceramic prostheses with excessive attrition of teeth. Clinical indications and contraindications
for their use are indicated, depending on the form, degree, prevalence of the pathological process, the state of the dentition, bite, temporomandibular joints and the body as a whole. The features of the
preparation of erased teeth and receipt of impressions depending on the degree and shape of the lesion
for ceramic and metal-ceramic prostheses are indicated. The most modern methods of manufacturing
artificial crowns from ceramic materials are described- hot pressing and CAD-CAM technology on
the CEREC-3 machine. The advantages and disadvantages of the crowns of bridge prostheses are
discussed. 

Summary. Most fixed restorations and removable dentures are made from casting alloys and
polymers. Many orthodontic appliances are also fabricated from metallic biomaterials. It has been
documented in vitro and in vivo, that restorations release to oral cavity many components due to
biodegradation processes. Those products may be distributed systemically and locally and could pay
a significant role in the induction of oral or/and systemic immunoinflammatory conditions. The
complex nature of most of the reactions requires in vivo and in vitro approach to the diagnostics.

Resume. In this given article the results and comparative analysis of the evaluation of temporary
bridge prostheses with adhesive fixation on a metal and fiberglass basis, established for temporary
rehabilitation in patients with minor defects in the dentition before the second stage of implant
treatment is demonstrated. According to the results of the research, it was found that adhesive bridge
prostheses on a fiberglass tape demonstrate the best clinical results.

Resume. This article evaluates the quality of life of patients with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of
primary hypothyroidism at the stage of primary dental examination, which will allow individualizing
tactics and improving the effectiveness of treatment.

Resume.The intensity and prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases during pregnancy and
the need for dental care increases (50-78.7%). And at the same time, the level of knowledge among
pregnant women on the prevention of dental diseases remains low.The article presents data on the results of a survey of 89 pregnant women of the Clinical Maternity Hospital No. 2, FMC No.1, 2 and
registered in the Clinical Hospital of the Office of the President and Government of the Kyrgyz
Republic (GUKBUDPiP KR). The results showed that they have a low level of awareness about the
subjects and means of oral hygiene, as well as practically no motivation to preserve dental health. 

Abstract. Clinical studies of 25 patients aged 20-50 years after the procedure of chairside teeth
whitening with complaints about dental hyperesthesia were conducted in a private dental clinic in
Bishkek city. Patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group of 7 patients with dental
hyperesthesia who had 2% sodium fluoride solution dental coating, the second group of 8 patients
who received 10% calcium gluconate applications by electrophoresis, and the third group of 10
patients who received complex therapy with Antoxide applications and mouthwash. The group that
received Antoxid therapeutic showed good results.

Annotation. Nowadays dentin hypersensitivity is an urgent problem for patients of various age
groups. The market of individual oral hygiene products provides us a wide choice of toothpastes that
can reduce a teeth sensivity to mechanical and temperature influences. The question of the
effectiveness of the use of various desensitizing toothpastes is still debatable, due to the fact that the
mechanism of desensitizing toothpaste action directly depends on its composition, the size and shape
of the particles of the desensitizing components and its acid resistance in the oral cavity. We
conducted a systematic review, which includes modern randomized controlled and cohort studies, in
order to find the most effective desensitizing components of toothpastes.

Summary. The paper presents the results of the effect of intravenous administration of
bisphosphonates on the structure of renal units. Patients with bisphosphonate osteonecrosis have a
predisposition to oxidative stress, revealed by calculating the ratio between reduced glutathione
(GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which leads to a decrease in the content of molecules such
as lipids, proteins and amino acids.

Resume. A study was made of indicators of dental caries in children from 1 to 3 years old, study of
the level of knowledge about the prevention of dental knowledge of parents in Bishkek. It were
revealing a high prevalence and intensity of the lesion. The level of knowledge and skills about
hygiene of mouth cavity is unsatisfactory. The obtained data will help rationally to organize a
stomatology help and prophylaxis to the children of early age in Bishkek.

Resume. the morbidity rate of children who lost their permanent molars early wasstudied according
to the data of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the National Center for Maternal and Child
Welfare for the period 2015-2020. A total of 810 children were examined, including 422 boys and
388 girls. The main reason for the loss of the first molars is purulent-inflammatory processes. In 341
children, acute purulent periostitis was diagnosed, in 243 children - osteomelitis of the lower jaw, in 198 children - phlegmon of the maxillofacial region. In 782 children, the process develops on the
lower jaw, in 28 on the upper. Most often, the first molar was removed at the age of 8-12 years. The
data obtained indicate the anatomical and physiological features of the dental system in children and
the low level of prevention of dental diseases in children.

Abstract. The study of the whole range of measures of primary dentofacial anomalies prevention has
determined the most often used methods of their prophylaxis. lt is also shown that consultations with
specialists in the allied medical areas and use of technical preventive devices are underestimated.
lnformation modalities for patients, hygiene (sanitary) education are not at due level. Small attention was
paid to preventive examinations of children in the so-called organized collectives and to regular medical
check-up of children population.

The authors reviewed the literature sources of near and far abroad concerning the structure, blood
supply and function of the menisci of the knee joint. Modern information on the structure, blood
supply, and function of the meniscus is given. A deep understanding of the structure, function and
characteristics of the blood supply to the meniscus is of decisive importance in choosing the tactics
of treating patients with knee joint pathology. The main goal of meniscal surgery should be to
preserve as many healthy menisci as possible. Total meniscectomy leads to a significant increase in
the risk of developing gonarthrosis, so only the minimum possible amount of meniscus should be
removed. The complex structure of the knee joint, the peculiarities of the meniscus blood supply
indicate the need for in-depth research in this area. Further improvement of the methods of surgical
treatment of injuries of the meniscus of the knee joint, taking into account the structure, features of
the blood supply and function of the meniscus, is an urgent problem in joint surgery.

Summary. The paper presents data on the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of 68 patients
with high-grade complicated myopia, including the use of chorionic scleroplasty as monotherapy, as
well as in combination with the use of mildronate, ozone therapy. The results of treatment were evaluated by the state of the processes of peroxidation in the lacrimal fluid and the activity of catalase
in the blood plasma. It is shown that the maximum limitation of the phenomena of oxidative stress
occurs when using complex therapy, including chorionic scleroplasty, with subsequent use in the
treatment of mildronate and ozone therapy 

80 ЖЫЛДЫК МААРАКЕҢИЗ КУТ БОЛСУН

ЖОРОБЕКОВ БАЙЫЗБЕК ЖОРОБЕКОВИЧ 80 ЖАШТА

ПОЗДРАВЛЯЕМ С ЮБИЛЕЕМ 70 ЛЕТ!

ЮБИЛЕИ

Снежко Яков Макарович
Амираев Убайдилла Амираевич
Исаева Роза Исаевна
Качкынбаева Асипа Сагыналиевна
Жолдошева Бурмайым Жолдошевна
Эргешов Салижан Мураталиевич
Бекджанов Асылбек Абдуразакович
Шаяхметов Давлетша Белекович
Урманбетов Кенешбек Абдыкеримович

В ПАМЯТИ

ИМАНКУЛОВ РЫСКУЛ ИМАНКУЛОВИЧ 1938 – 2022 гг.

ЛЕСОГОРОВ СЕРГЕЙ ФЕДОРОВИЧ 1962-2022 гг.