Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): VESTNIK of KSMA

Summary. The article describes the modern state of the specialized medical rehabilitation service. The biopsychosocial model of the patient has been substantiated. The need for a multidisciplinary approach is noted. The concepts of rehabilitative diagnosis and rehabilitative potential are used based on the International Classification of Functioning. In the conclusion, the introduction of a system of modern medical rehabilitation in Kyrgyzstan is reasoned.

Summary. The urgency of the problem of parasitoses is associated with their widespread prevalence, the variety of negative effects on the human body and pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations that complicate the differential diagnosis of diseases, the lack of sterile immunity and specific methods of prevention. The problem of combating parasitic diseases is relevant for many countries of the world, especially in the context of the intensification of population migration. According to the WHO, about 5 billion people are affected by 46 parasitoses in the world. Kyrgyzstan was and remains an unfavorable region in terms of the prevalence of parasitic diseases, and the problem of ascariasis in Bishkek remains quite urgent.

Summary. The article is devoted to the surgical treatment of false joints of long tubular bones. It contains topical problems related to this pathology, ethnological factors, principles of surgical treatment, a two-plane method of osteosynthesis of false joints by two metal plates has been proposed and implemented.

Resume: the goal is to present the results of simultaneous operations in patients with cholelithiasis and external hernias. Fifty patients were operated, including 33 women and 17 men. The largest group consisted of patients aged 40 to 60 years (62%), from 61 to 70 - 22%, over 70 years old - 16%. Among them there were 5 patients with acute cholecystitis, and the rest with chronic. Of 50 patients, recurrent hernias - 6. By the size of hernias: small - 6, medium - 25, large - 17, giant -2. Uncomplicated hernias - 18, irreducible - 29, restrained - 3. All operations were performed under endotracheal
anesthesia. Cholecystectomy was performed from trans-pararectal and right subcostal access, and hernia repair, depending on the location of the hernias. During hernia repair, autoplasty was performed in 30 patients (60%), using a polypropylene mesh in 20 patients (40%). After surgery, two after hernia repair revealed an infiltrate and two had seromas. The use of simultaneous operations is justified.

Summary. The objective is to represent the immediate and late results of treatment in patients with diabetic foot disease. 38 patients with ischemic and neuroischemic form were monitored. All patients had Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and were over 60 years of age. All patients had diabetic foot disease complicated by purulo-necrotic process. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first - control group (20 people) received traditional treatment, and the second (18 people) underwent balloon angioplasty. Both groups were equivalent. It was possible to recanalize 1-2, and in 3 patients three arteries due to balloon angioplasty. When analyzing immediate and late results of both groups, a more favorable course was established in patients of the second group, which was characterized by faster wound cleansing, onset of granulation and epithelization, and reduction of inpatient treatment period. 2-year observation results showed 6 cases of ulcer recurrence in the control group, and 2 cases - in the main group. The results obtained make it possible to observe more favorable course of DFD when using balloon angioplasty.

Summary. The process of adhesion formation is a polyetiological phenomenon with a complex pathogenesis. Adhesion and antiadhesive properties of the peritoneum are interrelated, and the predominance of one over the other is likely to have a fundamental effect on the severity of adhesions. It has been proven that the adhesion process is the result of a disruption of the normal course of inflammatory and reparative processes, as evidenced by local resistance factors (phagocytic activity of neutrophils, macrophages, cytokines, and others). The basis of the pathogenesis of the adhesive process is the organization of the tissues of the fibrin matrix formed after intraperitoneal exudation of free fibrin, the active phase of which begins as early as 12 hours after injury of the peritoneum. The basis of the pathogenesis of adhesions after operations on the abdominal organs is considered to be the germination of connective tissue fibers and, subsequently, vessels and nerves that have fallen out of the peritoneal effusion of fibrin, which "joins" the serous cover of the organs. In the course of the study, we conducted a randomized controlled study to experimentally evaluate the effect of antibacterial agents on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal cavity. In a parallel randomized study, the results of the effect of various antibacterial agents on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal cavity are presented. An experimental study was carried out on 80 outbred rats. The antibiotics Kanamycin, Ceftriaxone, Gentamycin, Ciprofloxacin were used in four experimental groups.

Summary. The aim is to evaluate the results of correction of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in patients with cholecystitis complicated by localized peritonitis. The paper presents the results of 46 patients who underwent emergency surgery in the period from 2018 to 2020 inclusive, with the indicators of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome were determined: clinical (temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate) and laboratory (leukocytes, leukocytal intoxication index). In order to correct SIRS, perioperative antibiotic administration, regional lymph stimulation into the round ligament of liver, irrigation of the abdominal cavity and the wound with ozonized sodium chloride solution with an ozoneconcentration of 8-10 μg/ml and intravenous administration of an ozonized solution with an ozone concentration of 3-4 μg/ml were used. For the correction of immunologic reactivity, thymalin was used, 10 mg intramuscularly, for a treatment course of 3-4 injections. Infusion therapy included hepatotropic drugs. Analysis of the dynamics of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome showed that when we use correction measures with an increase in the period after surgery, there is a decrease in the syndrome tests. No progression of the inflammatory process was observed. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of using correction methods.

Resume: сurrently, refractive problems are solved by surgery replacing lens in the astigmatic eyes. In order to get satisfactory outcome, it is necessary to make accurate calculation of the implantable intraocular lens. With the development of ophthalmology, there were several generations of formula for calculating the optical power of intraocular lenses. The development of new formula that take into account all the individual eye characteristics increases the chance of higher refractive outcome.

Aim. The study of the structure of acute poisoning in children in the Ryazan region during 2013–2017 years. Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of 548 cases of acute poisoning in children in Ryazan region for 2013-2017 years was performed. Results. Most often, poisoning occurred in toddlers (35.6%) and adolescents (45.1%). The structure of the etiological factors were medications (45.1%) and unspecified substances (33.6%), alcohol and its surrogates (14.6%). Poisonings with alcohol and smoking mixtures were recorded in adolescents, more often in boys. Poisonings by unspecified medicines were dominated among medicines intoxications (33.6%). Poisonings by nasal decongestants (17.8%), sedatives and hypnotics (13.3%), psychotropic (6.4%), hypotensive (6.8%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (6.8%) were dominated among specified medicines. Two hundred thirty children had treatment in the department of pediatric resuscitation and intensive care. Poisonings were as a result of an accident in 60.3% cases, suicidal attempts – in 34.3%, overdose of psychotropic drugs in adolescents, who have been using these drugs for a long time (5.5%). Two patients were died as a result of poisoning by wild mushrooms (pale toadstool). Conclusions. In the structure of acute poisoning in children of the Ryazan region in 2013-2017 years the most common were intoxication with drugs, unspecified substances, alcohol and its surrogates. Most often, poisoning occurred in toddlers and adolescents. A decrease of rate of toddlers and an increase of adolescents were in dynamics. The rate of alcohol intoxications, mainly in teenagers, increased in 2.5 times.

Abstract: This article presents the results of a study of the prevalence and intensity of dental caries or cavities among school-age children in the city of Osh, Kyrgyz Republic. As a result of the study among children aged 6-7, 11-12 and 15-16 years, it was found that the greatest increase of tooth decay is observed among 6-7 -year-old kids, which amounted to 98%.

Resume. This article provides a review of the literature on the orthopedic method of treatment of mandibular fractures, based on the principles and criteria within the framework of compliance with information sources that were studied and analyzed in a timely manner in order to specify the chosen method of treatment of mandibular injuries. This article describes examples of comparison of various techniques developed by the authors, aimed at choosing the most effective of them for restoring the anatomical and functional state of the lower jaw. The purpose of this article is to compare the chosen method of treatment to these diseases, the outcome of which, according to forecasts, should be favorable, excluding any complications in the future, thereby proving the relevance of the data presented in the article, which includes the necessary information for further work directly with patients. A systematic review of the literature data on the characteristics of early and long-term results in mandibular fractures is presented. The causes and risk factors of the most susceptible patients to this disease are considered. The facts taken from information sources indicate the need for further comprehensive studies aimed at studying the structure, localization and frequency of mandibular fractures.