Vol. 4 No. 4 (2021): VESTNIK of KSMA

Summary. This study aimed to study the working conditions of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 300 primary, secondary and tertiary health workers took part in this survey, which assessed their working conditions and psycho-emotional state. As a result of our research, it was revealed that the hygienic working conditions of medical personnel during the pandemic at the time of the outbreak of COVID-19 did not meet WHO (World Health Organization) standards. In this regard, there was a risk of infection of the medical staff in the workplace.

The urgency of the problem of parasitoses is associated with their widespread prevalence, the variety of negative effects on the human body and pronounced polymorphism of clinical manifestations that complicate the differential diagnosis of diseases, the lack of sterile immunity and specific methods of prevention. Since this unpleasant invasion can be encountered not only in remote and underdeveloped regions of our country, but also in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, where the infection rates are growing much faster and more rapidly than expected. Another reason for a more detailed study of the epidemiological situation of parasitic and mixed-invasive diseases is that such diseases have a very diverse negative impact on the human body.

The subject of the research in this article is data on the current epidemiological situation on the incidence of echinococcosis in residents of the Kyrgyz Republic (KR) using the example of the Osh region. Based on the indicators, the dynamics of the incidence of echinococcosis for the period 1960 2020 was analyzed. As a result of the work carried out, we came to the following: when carrying out preventive measures, there is a decline in the incidence of echinococcosis from 2014 to 2020, but despite the decline in indicators, the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the countries where the epidemiological situation of echinococcosis remains.

One of the most important tasks of the state is to preserve and strengthen the health of student youth. Annual medical examinations of students entering and studying in higher educational institutions reveal significant deterioration in their functional state, as well as chronic diseases. In this paper, the adherence to the principles of a healthy lifestyle of medical students is assessed. In the university students timely undergo medical examinations and identify at an early stage of the disease. As well as links with disease awareness, most medical students lead healthy lifestyles. Recent events related to the pandemic in the world have also shown how important it is to maintain a healthy lifestyle and preventative measures for human health.

The article presents the results of a study of the polymorphism of the G2677T and C3435T MDR1 genes in patients with iron deficiency anemia and the effect of carrying different genotypes on the effectiveness of iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia.

The aim of this work is to assess the development of atrial fibrillation after surgical myocardial revascularization. The main control methods of the study were a complete blood count, acid-base state and electrolyte balance of blood, electrocardiography and echocardiography. The results obtained indicate the correct implementation of a complex of therapeutic and prophylactic measures, which can significantly reduce complications in the form of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

The article analyzes a review o f the literature o f foreign authors and authors o f the CIS countries on im m unological reactivity to the used mesh endoprostheses in patients after alloplastic m ethods o f hernioplasty. C urrently, m ost surgeons consider the use o f endoprostheses m ade o f polypropylene and polytetrafluoroethylene as the best option for plastic surgery o f the abdom inal w all. W ith a significant decrease in the frequency o f hernia recurrence after hernioplasty w ith the use  оf alloprostheses, the num ber o f postoperative wound com plications significantly increased. The literature discusses the issue o f the safety оf the use o f synthetic m aterials for the repair o f incisional ventral hernias. T here are suggestions about their toxic effects on the im m une system , but the issue has not been finally resolved. Surgical stress and surgical traum a are accom panied by a tendency tow ards a decrease in the num ber o f T-helpers (CD 4 +) and T-suppressors (CD 8 +). D isruption o f the functional activity o f these cells is m anifested b y a decrease in the ability to produce a proliferative response to T-cell m itogens and to synthesize som e cytokines The article presents data on the initial im m une status and characteristics o f im m une responses in patients w ith incisional ventral hernias after hernia repair and hernioplasty w ith m esh endoprostheses, as w ell as som e prognostic and preclinical im m unological m arkers o f the risk o f postoperative w ound com plications.

A clinical case is presented that reflects the difficulties in diagnosing a restrained transm esosigm oid hernia, as w ell as m odern literature data on transm esosigm oid hernias. In patients w ith no history o f abdom inal surgery or peritoneal inflam m ation, but the presence o f progressive or persistent sym ptom s o f sm all bow el obstruction, atransm esosigm oid hernia should be kept in m ind in the differential diagnosis process. In differential diagnosis, it is first n ecessary to consider such m ore frequent causes of small bowel obstruction, such as postoperative adhesions, hernias o f the abdom inal wall and tumors. Once these conditions have been ruled out, a high index o f suspicion for transm esosigm oid hernia should be m aintained. It is assum ed that the diam eter of the opening o f a transm esosigm oid hernia, causing sm all bow el obstruction, is usually 2-5 cm. Regular re-assessm ent of the condition of patients receiving conservative treatm ent is mandatory for the tim ely recognition of intestinal ischem ia. When indicated, it is necessary to perform surgical intervention.

Abstract. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection in the world, including in Kyrgyz Republic, was the basis for a detailed analysis of characteristics of the disease in children in the Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital (RCIDH) in Bishkek. The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical and epidemiological data. The approaches to the treatment of COVID-19 in children were based on materials from a specialized infectious hospital. It was first deployed in Bishkek in April 2020. Мaterials and methods. 93 medical records of sick children were analysed aged 1 to 18 years, who were isolated in the boxes of the RCIDH with a diagnosis of COVID-19. It was confirmed by a positive nucleic acid amplification test, RT-PCR, for SARS-CoV-2.
Results. Children over 3 years of age prevailed among the other cases (67.7%, n=63). House hold and Family contacts prevailed too (65.6%, n=61). In most cases, children suffered from a mild form of the disease - 51.6% (n=48), than a moderate form - 48.4% (n=45). In 8.6% (n=8) of cases, there was a late (in the second week of the disease) hospitalization of patients. Children presented with fever in 61.3% (n=57) of cases. Half of those children - 47.2% (n=27) had febrile temperature. It was found that the clinical picture was dominated by throat hyperemia (51.6%, n=48), cough - 50.5% (n=47), difficulty in
nasal breathing - 23.7% (n=22), headache - 18.5% (n=17), muscle pain - 12% (n=11), agitation - 10.9% (n=10), symptoms of intestinal dysfunction - 8.7% (n=8), taste disturbance - 6.5% (n=6), anosmia - 3.2 % (n=1), chest pain - 3.3% (n=3), and exanthema - 1.1% (n=1). Patients were treated in accordance with the guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults and children.
Conclusions. Symptoms of COVID-19 in children in the Chui Valley are nonspecific, but have unique features compared too ther acute respiratory viral infections. However, the principles of therapy are similar. They in volve taking in to account the severity of the disease and concomitant pathology. There is a definite tendency to wards more frequent lung damage in patients of early and preschool age.

Abstract. The article presents a clinical case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in an 11-year-old child, describes the features of diagnosis and treatment of this new disease in pediatric practice.

Summary. This article provides a comparative analysis of dentoalveolar anomalies detected in children and adolescents of the gymnasium school (SH) No. 5 of Bishkek. During the examination of the oral cavity, it was revealed that in most cases in children there were abnormalities in the vertical plane, more precisely, a decrease in the height of the bite, as well as anomalies in the position of the teeth. The total number of anomalies in the position of teeth, dentition and occlusion in children was noted in 956 cases: anomalies of individual teeth - 19 (1.4%) of the examined, anomalies of the dentition - 222 (16.8%) children (with a neutral occlusion), malocclusion - 715 cases (54.2%). Conclusions are drawn about the need for early detection and timely treatment of dentoalveolar anomalies, as well as high-quality and timely treatment of deciduous teeth in order to preserve the integrity of the dentition and reduce the number of malocclusions.

Summary. Deep bite is one o f the most common dentoalveolar anom alies in different age periods. Its frequency o f occurrence ranges from 9% to 51% . The article discusses the incidence of deep incisal overlap in children in comparison with other diseases of the dentoalveolar system . A total of 1319 children (720 boys, 599 girls) were examined. The examination included the observation of thebite, position and shape abnormality of different teeth, dentition shape abnormality. Vertical malocclusion was detected in 595 patients (45% of the total number of children: 39,5% - with a moderate degree, 5,5% - with a severe degree)

Resume. The article provides an analysis o f the frequency and structure of deaths from COVID -19 and unspecified bronchopneum onia according to the data of the Republican centre  of forensic medicine examination (RCFME) M H KR. It was found that out o f 1361 examined corpses for the period from m arch to December 2020, 232 people of them died from COVID -19 and unspecified bronchopneum onia. Among the dead, 151 cases were men and 81 cases were women. The analysis show ed that people aged 37 to 60 years more often died from CO V ID -19 and unspecified bronchopneum onia - 110 cases, as well as people over 60 years old - 99 cases. Most o f the corpses delivered from home - 101 cases and hadn't concom itant diseases - 207 cases. PC R -confirm ed cases o f coronavirus infection was detected - 89, PC R -unconfirm ed cases - 53, cases of unspecified bronchopneumonia - 90.

Summary. The article describes the steps taken in recent years to develop the Kyrgyz language and strengthen its role in public life, as wellas the problem softeaching the Kyrgyz language in medical universities. It should be noted that the N ational Program for the Development of the State Language and Language Policy, approved b y the President, operates in the K yrgyz Republic. The goal o f the program w as to achieve w idespread use of the state language in all spheres of public life and the role of integration with the Kyrgyz language. The task is to achieve radical changes in the use o f the K yrgyz language in public administration, office work and professional communication. The national program for the development  оf the state language and improvement of the language policy in the Kyrgyz Republic did not bypass the medical sector. Special attentionis paid to teaching the Kyrgyz language in medical universities. Unfortunately, there are many problems with the implementation of these measures.

Summary.  Blood flow in the craniovertebral region can often be im paired, and the cause is mainly a spondylogenic factor. The consequence of such changes can be from a slight decrease in cerebral circulation to ischem ic com plications in the vascular bed. Using multislice com puted tom ography, 41 out o f 230 exam ined patients revealed the presence of various types o f K im m erle anom aly. Blood flow in the vertebral arteries in the presence of Kimmerle's anom alywas examined by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of the vertebral arteries. Studies have show n that Kimmerle's anomaly can occur in all age groups. The detection rate of Kimmerle's anomaly was within 17.8% of cases. Most often, bilateral Kimmerle's anomaly and its complete (closed) variant were detected, which, according to transcranial Doppler sonography, affects the blood flow.

Sammary. The present study was aimed at exam ining the parental correlates of emotion regulation in children during isolation from COVID -19 in gymnasium № 62 and high school № 10 from March to May 2020. Parental self-efficacy and emotional state mediates the relationship between the psychological stress o f the parents and the emotional regulation of children, as well as the lability or negativity of children. A total of 300 parents of children between the ages of 10 and 13 completed an online survey that assessed their general condition.

In order to identify the main problem s of acclim atization a survey of respondents w ho arrived in V ladivostok from cities of Russia and abroad was conducted. The article identifies the symptom s, causes and patterns of acclim atization of the respondents to the conditions o f Vladivostok. It is shown that the difficulties o f adaptation to new living conditions determ ine the developm ent o f disorders in the functioning o f the organism in the majority of respondents.  Difficulties in acclim atization are associated with a violation o f the usual regim e of the daily biorhythm ological schedule of the body's vital
activity due to a change in the time zone and bioclim atic conditions. The most pronounced changes in w ell-being w ere found among respondents from India. This is a serious problem , and its solution requires an integrated (interdisciplinary) approach.

Abstract. An assessm ent of the provision of  medical personnel with individual dosim eters show ed that in private medical clinics in Bishkek, there are 44 devices for X -ray diagnostic equipment. In the course o f the sanitary exam ination, it was found that out of 26 private X -ray rooms, 13 are not provided with individual dosimeters.