Vol. 3 No. 3 (2022): VESTNIK of KSMA

Summary. This article analyzes the history of the development of surgical treatment of mitral valve (MV) defects, starting from the very first method of mitral commissurotomy to modern methods of endovascular correction of the defect. In the work of various authors, the positive and negative aspects of each method are given, various complications and reasons for unsatisfactory results are described. Despite more than half a century of world experience in performing operations on the MV of the heart, according to the analysis, nevertheless, the main method of surgical treatment of MV defects is the replacement with an artificial heart valve while maintaining ventricular-valvular continuity.

Summary. The results of the programmed treatment of acute pancreatitis in 127 patients according to severeness of endotoxicosis, with the determination of the level of blood amylase, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, albumin, and the results of ultrasound examination are presented. Based on the studies performed, the patients were divided into III groups: a mild degree of endotoxicosis was determined in 27 (21.3%), moderate in 57 (44.9%) and severe in 43 (33.8%). Programmed treatment of acute pancreatitis improves results, impacting to whole etiopathogenesis of this disease. The severity of endotoxicosis must be determined not only upon admission of the patient, but also during the course of the disease. 117 patients treated conservatively, 10 run surgery, 1 died (0.8%).

Summary. Diabetic foot syndrome is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus, the treatment of which is complex and lengthy, despite the many developed medications. Wound healing is slow and progression of inflammation is often observed. More effective treatments are being sought. The purpose of the work is to present the results of complex treatment of complicated forms of diabetic foot syndrome. Research methods: anamnesis of the disease, examination, determination of all types of sensitivity, vascular pulsations, ultrasound dopplerography and angiography. To assess the course of the wound process, clinical indicators were used (disappearance of edema, hyperemia, the amount of discharge, the timing of wound cleansing, the appearance of granulation and epithelialization, the duration of inpatient treatment), cytological and bacteriological examination of wound discharge, wound size. Results: in the treatment of 108 patients with DFS complicated by a purulent-necrotic process, local therapy was used, which included ozonized solutions, dimexide solution, ozonated oil and infrared irradiation of the wound, as well as general treatment aimed at lowering blood sugar levels, improving blood supply to soft tissues and an increase in immunological reactivity, as well as a decrease in endotoxicosis. Amputations of the femur and lower leg accounted for 4.9%, and repeated operations 5.2% of the number of operated patients. Conclusion. The use of the method of local and general
treatment developed by us made it possible to achieve better results, high hip amputations were noted in 4.9%, and there were no deaths.

Summary. To date, the problem of anesthesia during surgical dental interventions is one of the important issues of practical dentistry. The aim of the study was an economic assessment of the use of variants of suggestive methods of psychotherapy when performing tooth extraction surgery in patients with periodontitis. To assess the pharmacoeconomical effectiveness, two groups were formed: the main group consisted of 41 patients who had a tooth extraction operation performed using hypnosuggestive anesthesia techniques. The compared group consisted of 36 patients who had a tooth extraction operation performed using local anesthesia methods. The medicoeconomical efficiency was 1.3 times.

Summary: At present, due to the increase in the number of intraosseous implantation operations, it is important and responsible to prevent and treat errors and complications that occur during these operations. Taking into account and minimizing the possible risks of iatrogenic interventions helps to avoid most of the subsequent complications. An analysis of complications and errors was carried out with clinical observations.

Summary.Odontogenic infections are usually caused by microorganisms constantly present in the oral cavity. Usually it is a mixed microflora, facultative bacteria are mainly green streptococci (in particular, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus milleri), as well as non-spore-forming anaerobes
(Peptostreptococcus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Actinomyces spp.). The article deals with the study of the effectiveness of the drug Tantum Verde with topical application of acute purulent periostitis of the jaws. Examination and treatment of patients was carried out at the clinical base of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Samarkand State Medical Institute in the specialized department of Maxillofacial surgery of the Samarkand City Medical Association. The use of Tantum Verde solution in the complex treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases made it possible to improve the condition of patients and prevent the development of purulent-inflammatory complications due to positive qualities.

Summary. The article presents a systematic review of the literature on the methods of treating purulent wounds using active drainage. Comparative characteristics of various types of drainage, differing in the mechanism of drainage action, have been carried out. The main approaches to the selection of the most effective methods of drainage of purulent wounds are highlighted.

Summary. The article shows a comparative analysis between functional methods for diagnosing the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), between ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 40 patients (80 joints) aged 18 to 45 years (25 women and 15 men) were studied. The protocol of MRI examination of the TMJ consisted of functional tests in the T-1, T-2, PDW, T-1, 3D modes in the axial, sagittal and coronal planes. For ultrasound of the TMJ, a device was used -Philips En Visor using a linear probe with an operating frequency of 7.5 - 14 MHz and an aperture length of 45.0 mm, a maximum scanning depth of 30.0 mm. An ultrasound visualization of the head, disc, capsular-ligamentous and muscular apparatus of the TMJ was performed.

Summary. The prophylaxis of inflammation of the maxillary sinus in patients with perforation and in the presence of foreign bodies in the cavity of the maxillary sinus was carried out according to the developed method. The results of observations in the near and long term showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment in case of infection of the maxillary sinus with foreign bodies after stomatology intervention.

Resume. The prophylactics of perforated sinusitis, patients were treated depending on the type of sinus injury. The immediate and long-term results of patient observation showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods of treatment of maxillary sinus perforation.

Abstract. Surgical dental management of patients with hemophilia complicated by the multiple infection focus in the oral cavity still remains a complicated task. Objective: Optimization of socket management after tooth extraction in patients with hemophilia by using PRF. Materials and methods. We performed surgical treatment (tooth extraction) of four patients with hemophilia, of the average age of 44. In order to optimize the healing of the sockets PRF was used. Planimetric measurements were used to fix the epithelization period on the day of the operation and on the 5th day after the operation. Results. According to the results of our study, the average wound healing speed in patients where a PRF clot was used was 12.6% per day. In patients whose socket was gone under its own clot healing speed was 8.7%. None of the patients reported bleeding in the postoperative period. The development of hematomas was also not noted. Conclusions. PRF-clot can be used in patients with hemophilia as a wound dressing after tooth extraction without risk of developing infectious complications; a PRF-clot does not interfere with the epithelization of the socket after tooth extraction and has a certain hemostatic effect; a socket filled with a PRF-clot heals 1.4 times faster in patients with hemophilia than a socket remaining under its own blood clot.

Summary. The article describes research on the use of various digital equipment currently used in the field of dentistry that meets modern requirements. The main goal of the study was to determine the prevalence of digital equipment in dental clinics of the Kyrgyz Republic and the current state of their use. As a result, it was found that in 8 private dental clinics, the use of digital technology in the process of treating dental patients is more widespread than in 5 state dental clinics. It was also determined that in 6 private dental laboratories, the manufacture of dentures is carried out using digital technologies. However, 6 state dental laboratories do not have digital equipment. Stationary radiodiagnosis equipment was in the same position in public and private institutions.

Summary. Commonly, temporomandibular joint dysfunction and mastication muscles disorders are complicated by chronic stress and psychologic traumatic experience, which leads to diagnostic errors and irrational prosthesis. The article shows the necessity for complex approach in diagnostics and teratment of temporomandibular joint dysfunction and mastication muscles disorders.

Summary. The article presents the new method of preparation of dental hard tissues. It has been found that using this technique allows to avoid complications during treatment of patients with congenital developmental disorders of dental hard tissues.

Rezume. The article describes the experience of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with postoperative defects of the organs of the maxillofacial region at the stages of direct prosthetics. The development and improvement of methods of orthopedic treatment, allows you to effectively restore the aesthetics of the face and the function of the dentoalveolar system of patients, as well as improve the quality and alleviate the postoperative condition of the patient, orthopedists have the opportunity to better produce a subsequent forming prosthesis.

Summary. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a method of treating inflammatory diseases, which is based on the bactericidal action of free radicals formed as a result of the interaction of an exogenous or endogenous photosensitive substance and targeted radiation with a wavelength corresponding to the absorption peak of this substance. In our work, we investigated the effectiveness of this method for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues. The OHI-S, SBI, and PI indices were used as evaluation criteria. According to the results of the study, it was determined that this method is effective and safe, and its inclusion in the complex of standard measures in the treatment of periodontal diseases ensures stable normalization of the studied index indicators, a significant stable improvement in the clinical condition, and prolongation of remission periods up to a year or more.

Summary. In the clinic of prosthetic dentistry, a large number of fixed and removable dentures are made. The quality of their manufacturing does not always comply certain standards. Therefore, in our work, we have used the method of holographic interferometry to determine the stress-strain states that occur under various functional loads. This has significantly improved the quality of manufactured fixed and removable dentures and minimized their negative impact on the supporting tissues.

Summary. A comparative characteristic of the prevalence of complete loss of teeth in 470 elderly and senile people (PSV) living in high and low mountains was studied. These studies indicate a high prevalence of this pathology in high mountains compared to the indicator in low mountains, which is explained by a complex of factors and climatic and geographical features of the area, the leading of which is hypoxia. It has been established that with age, the total loss of teeth increases both among women and among men and requires qualified, highly effective dental prosthetics. A study of existing dentures in the oral cavity showed a high percentage of low quality require replacement of removable dentures. Hypoxia, which leads to disruption of oxygen supply to periodontal tissues and further rapid loss of teeth. It is necessary to establish a system for providing therapeutic and preventive measures to maintain oral health in elderly and senile people in the studied regions of the republic.

Summary. For correction of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformations in the formed bite conducts comprehensive orthodontic treatment, in which locally, in the field of movable teeth, weakens bone and increases its flexibility. Low-frequency ultrasound is effective for that purpose. Changes of the jaw bone of experimental animals after exposure to a continuous, pulsed and modulated ultrasound frequency of 60 kHz described in article. Were treated patients with various maloocclusions with applying of effect of low frequency ultrasound in various parameters on bone in area of replacing tooth before active period of orthodontic treatment.

Summary. The article analyses the methods to diagnose the hinge axis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyles, as well as the basic principles of dynamic occlusion functioning. It also presents a comparative analysis and criteria to evaluate individual and typical anatomical methods to determine the hinge axis in dental patients with the TMJ dysfunction from the point of view of occlusive interrelations.

Summary. The paper presents comparative characteristics of different fiber reinforcing systems and the indications for their use in clinical situations, the art of creating reinforced composite adhesive constructions of tires to restore the functional integrity of the dentition.

Summary. This article describes the method of prosthetics using partial removable prostheses with fixation by means of telescopic or double crowns. The structure of the crowns and their functional features are analyzed. Indications and contraindications for the use of this type of prosthesis. Features of manufacturing are considered. The historical stages of application of double crowns are described. Scientific developments of the department are given and recommendations on the use of telescopic locking system are given.

Summary. Electromyography (EMG) activity of masticatory and temporalis muscles was investigated in relation to traditional and duplication full denture fabrication techniques.

Resume. The authors substantiate the necessity of mandatory X-ray examination in patients with endoparodontal syndrome. The revealed combined lesions of the endodontic and periodontal tissues aggravate the clinical course, cause difficulties in the treatment process and reduce the quality of treatment effectiveness.

Resume. The article presents the results of studying the pharmacological activity of a dental film based on hyaluronic acid in an experiment. The study of the general toxic effect of the dental film was carried out by creating an experimental model of gingivitis and periodontitis in mature white rats. The locally irritating and allergenic effects of the dental film were studied on guinea pigs. The positive results of treatment were confirmed by the data of pathomorphological studies. The obtained results of preclinical studies allow us to recommend the tested dental film based on hyaluronic acid with metronidazole and chlorhexidine for further clinical studies.

Summary. Inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues occupy the second place among the major dental diseases. The development and introduction into a periodontist’s practice of the new, effective means with pronounced antibacterial, anti-inflammatory properties, not causing allergic reactions, is an important and critical task in dentistry. Phytopreparation based on tea tree oil in combination with vinylinum can be effectively used as local treatment in the complex therapy of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Analysis of the work performed clearly demonstrated significant improvement in periodontal parameters in patients after using the long-acting tea tree oil. The inclusion of this agent in the regimen of local treatment helps to accelerate the treatment and lengthen the rehabilitation period.

Resume. This article provides a review of the literature on the influence of odontogenic infections of the cavity on the pathological processes of the gastrointestinal tract, a detailed analysis of the literature data on dentistry and gastroenterology. Despite the comorbidity of dental morbidity and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, the study of the relationship of these pathologies is not given due attention today, which underlines the relevance of this article. 

Summary. This article presents blood pressure and dental parameters in patients with generalized periodontitis with arterial hypertension and in its absence. Our studies indicate that there is a relationship between increased blood pressure and periodontal tissue diseases. In patients with moderate and severe forms of generalized periodontitis, blood pressure indicators were higher than in patients with mild periodontitis. Periodontal inflammation and increased blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of mortality in hypertensive patients. Over the years, various studies have been conducted to determine the role of periodontitis in the occurrence and development of arterial hypertension. Many researchers have confirmed the link between hypertension and periodontitis. However, more research is needed to elucidate the role of periodontitis in hypertension.

Annotation. The study is based on retrospective and prospective data obtained as a result of observation of patients in 2016-2020 with varying severity of connective tissue dysplasia, who were under dispensary observation in the departments of the Republican Screening Center of Uzbekistan and patients who applied for dental care at the clinic of the Center for the Development of Professional Medical Qualifications. workers with diagnoses of "differentiated and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia". In the course of the research, the authors obtained data that allow us to conclude that the mechanism of bone resorption of the alveolar process in middle-aged patients with CTD pathologies is based on a violation of the bone remodeling cycle against the background of an imbalance of calcium regulating hormones, while a decrease in the rate of bone formation against the background of the normal level of bone resorption is the cause of the development of pathology of teeth and periodontal tissues.

Summary. The purpose of this work was to increase the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures by correcting psycho-emotional stress, taking into account the psychological state of children at the dentist's office.

Abstract. In these article topical issues оп the treatment of children with congenital cleft lip and palate, the incidence and prevalence of this disease in Osh region were considered. The activity of regional rehabilitation centers, the possibility of cooperation of various organizations in order to increase aid objectiveness were analyzed, also it is proposed to introduce ап automated system management and accounting data as hypertext, multimedia database.

Summary. The authors examined and treated 620 patients suffering from salivary stone disease of various salivary glands. Of these, 144 patients underwent SF sialolithotripsy in the complex of therapeutic measures (15 - parotid and 129 - submandibular salivary glands). In total, surgical treatment for SCD was performed in 479 patients. Plastic surgery of the new orifice of the submandibular duct was performed in 309 patients. Control examination of patients was carried out up to 16 years after treatment. The recurrence of stone formation in the dynamics of the process was found in 4 patients (3%) after crushing. The results of sialometry in long-term dynamics after surgical treatment showed that the functional activity
of the affected salivary glands in the dynamics of observation was within the normal range, although
somewhat reduced compared to the opposite glands of the same name.

Summary. The authors present the results of sialendoscopic interventions in 48 patients. Stone removal was performed in 22 patients. The results of the study showed that endoscopy has limited possibilities in patients with a narrow orifice, as well as in the presence of anatomical features of the ductal system in the form of constrictions or strictures.

Resume. The authors present the survey data on the assessment of the educational process, the assessment of learning using innovative teaching methods. Students understand the importance of modern learning technologies that will help them better master their future profession, which will ultimately affect their professional success and competitiveness.

Summary. The article describes the results of the practical experience of rehabilitation of the patients with defects of mandibular and maxillary bone. The developed system of methods and specialists allows to obtain good functional and esthetic results in the treatment of those patients and includes the joint work of maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists, anesthesiologists, general physicians, psycho-neurologists and other medical professionals.