ORAL CAVITY HEALTH IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54890/1694-8882-2025-1-219Abstract
Population aging due to declining fertility and mortality trends is a major concern worldwide, especially in developing countries. Due to increasing life expectancy, there is a marked increase in the proportion of elderly patients requiring dental care. Dental treatment should be adapted to the age-related changes in the oral mucosa and underlying systemic diseases. Dentists play a key role in the diagnosis of oral manifestations of systemic diseases in the elderly. This review examines the impact of aging on oral tissues and common oral and systemic diseases in geriatrics. The literature review was conducted both electronically and manually. Various scientific journals and web-based search engines were used for the electronic search. The search terms were geriatrics, oral manifestations, systemic diseases, elderly. Dental treatment of patients with systemic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders was also highlighted. Oral health problems in older adults should be treated with regular professional and personal care and an understanding of the changes that occur with age.
Keywords:
oral cavity, geriatrics, systemic diseases, elderly peopleReferences
1. Petersen PE, Yamamoto T. Improving the oral health of older people: The approach of WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:81-92.
2. Маматов С.М. Геронтологическая служба в Кыргызской Республике на современном этапе: проблемы и достижения. Клиническая геронтология. 2019;25(9-10):55-56.
3. Маматов С.М., Арстанбекова М.А., Иманалиева Ф.Э., Канат К.Б. Состояние и перспективы геронтологии и гериатрии в Кыргызской Республике. Успехи геронтологии. 2020;33(2):391-396. https://doi.org/10.34922/ AE.2020.33.2.025
4. Yeh CK, Katz MS, Saunders MJ. Geriatric dentistry: Integral component to geriatric patient care. Taiwan Geriatr Gerontol. 2008;3:182-92.
5. Lehl G, Lehl SS. Oral health care in the elderly. J Indian Acad Geriatr. 2005;1:25-30.
6. Lamster IB. Oral health care services for older adults: A looming crisis. Am J Public Health. 2004;94(5):699-702. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.94.5.699
7. Baqain ZH, Newman L, Hyde N. How serious are oral infections? J Laryngol Otol. 2004;118(7):561-565. https://doi.org/10.1258/0022215041615227.
8. Meurman J.H., Hamalainen P. Oral health and morbidity: Implications of oral infections on the elderly. Gerodontology. 2006;23(1): 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1741-2358.2006.00102.x
9. Sun Y, Pei W, Wu Y, Yang Y. An association of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(2):435-436. https://doi.org/ 10.2337/diacare.28.2.435
10. Zhu J, Nieto FJ, Horne BD, Anderson JL, Muhlestein JB, Epstein SE. Prospective study of pathogen burden and risk of myocardial infarction or death. Circulation. 2001;103(1):45-51. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.103.1.45
11. Leite JL, Stolf HO, Reis NA, Ward LS. Human herpesvirus type 6 and type 1 infection increases susceptibility to nonmelanoma skin tumors. Cancer Lett. 2005;224(2):213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2004.11.010
12. Itzhaki RF, Lin WR, Shang D, Wilcock GK, Faragher B, Jamieson GA. Herpes simplex virus type 1 in brain and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Lancet. 1997;349(9047):241-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10149-5
13. Cohrs RJ, Gilden DH, Mahalingam R. Varicella zoster virus latency, neurological disease and experimental models: an update. Front Biosci. 2004;9:751-762. https://doi.org/10.2741/1275
14. Berkey DB, Scannapieco FA. Medical considerations relating to the oral health of older adults. Spec Care Dentist. 2013;33(4):164-176. https://doi.org/10.1111/ scd.12027
15. Meurman JH, Sanz M, Janket SJ. Oral health, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15(6):403-413. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 154411130401500606
16. Figuero E, Sánchez-Beltrán M, Cuesta-Frechoso S, Tejerina JM, del Castro JA, Gutiérrez JM., et al. Detection of periodontal bacteria in atheromatous plaque by nested polymerase chain reaction. J Periodontol. 2011;82(10):1469-1477. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2011.100719
17. Herzberg MC, Nobbs A, Tao L, Kilic A, Beckman E, Khammanivong A, et al. Oral streptococci and cardiovascular disease: searching for the platelet aggregation-associated protein gene and mechanisms of Streptococcus sanguis-induced thrombosis. J Periodontol. 2005;76(11 Suppl):2101-2105. https://doi.org/10.1902/ jop.2005.76.11-S.2101
18. Srivastava R, Nongkynrih B, Mathur VP, Goswami A, Gupta SK. High burden of dental caries in geriatric population of India: a systematic review. Indian J Public Health. 2012;56(2):129-132. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-557X.99903
19. Kataoka M, Kido J, Shinohara Y, Nagata T. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth--a review. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(10):1817-1821. https://doi.org/10.1248/ bpb.28.1817
20. Campus G, Salem A, Uzzau S, Baldoni E, Tonolo G. Diabetes and periodontal disease: a case-control study. J Periodontol. 2005;76(3):418-425. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.3.418
21. Pussinen PJ, Alfthan G, Rissanen H, Reunanen A, Asikainen S, Knekt P. Antibodies to periodontal pathogens and stroke risk. Stroke. 2004;35(9):2020-2023. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000136148.29490.fe
22. Misra S., Singh A., Singh N. Periodontal infection as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Indian J Dent Sci. 2012;1:94-6.
23. Meisel P, Kohlmann T, Wallaschofski H, Kroemer HK, Kocher T. Cholesterol, C-Reactive Protein, and Periodontitis: HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) as Effect Modifiers. ISRN Dent. 2011;2011:125168. https://doi.org/10.5402/ 2011/125168
24. Iwasaki M, Taylor GW, Nesse W, Vissink A, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H. Periodontal disease and decreased kidney function in Japanese elderly. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(2):202-209. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2011.08.027
25. Turner MD, Ship JA. Dry mouth and its effects on the oral health of elderly people [published correction appears in J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;139(3):252-3]. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007;138 Suppl:15S-20S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive. 2007.0358
26. Atkinson JC, Grisius M, Massey W. Salivary hypofunction and xerostomia: diagnosis and treatment. Dent Clin North Am. 2005;49(2):309-326. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cden.2004.10.002
27. Hupp JR. Ischemic heart disease: dental management considerations. Dent Clin North Am. 2006;50(4):483-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2006.06.002
28. Joshi SV, Patel JC, Dhar HL. Prevalence of hypertension in Mumbai. Indian J Med Sci. 2000;54(9):380-383.
29. Mehrotra V, Devi P, Bhovi TV, Jyoti B. Mouth as a mirror of systemic diseases. Gomal J Med Sci. 2010;8(2):235-241.
30. Lalla RV, D'Ambrosio JA. Dental management considerations for the patient with diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132(10):1425-1432. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0059
31. Vernillo AT. Dental considerations for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134 Spec No:24S-33S. https://doi.org/10.14219/ jada.archive.2003.0366
32. Rose LF, Mealey B, Minsk L, Cohen DW. Oral care for patients with cardiovascular disease and stroke. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133 Suppl:37S-44S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0378
33. Haas DA. An update of local anesthetics in dentistry. J Can Dent Assoc. 2002;68(9):546-551.
34. Haas DA. Management of medical emergencies in the dental office: conditions in each country, the extent of treatment by the dentist. Anesth Prog. 2006;53(1):20-24. https://doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006(2006)53[20:MOMEIT]2.0.CO;2
35. Niwa H, Sato Y, Matsuura H. Safety of dental treatment in patients with previously diagnosed acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(1):35-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1079-2104(00)80011-6
36. Rai S, Kaur M, Goel S, Bhatnagar P. Moral and professional responsibility of oral physician toward geriatric patient with interdisciplinary management - The time to act is now! J Midlife Health. 2011;2(1):18-24. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-7800.83261
37. Genco RJ, Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Reynolds H, Ho A, Garret S. Frequency of bacteremia following different modalities of periodontal treatment. J Dent Res. 2001;80:141.
38. Barco S, Cheung YW, Eikelboom JW, Coppens M. New oral anticoagulants in elderly patients. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2013;26(2):215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beha.2013.07.011
39. Grover S, Rhodus NL. Dental management of Parkinson’s disease. Northwest Dent. 2011;90(6):13-19.
40. Ettinger RL. Dental management of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Gerodontology. 2000;17(1):8-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2000.00008.x