STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN GINGIVAL FLUID IN CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS CAUSED BY ORTHOPEDIC STRUCTURES, BEFORE AND AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY

Abstract

Dental and dental arch prosthetics involve the presence of a foreign body in the oral cavity, which acts as an irritant for the periodontal tissues. The materials used for prosthetics behave differently when immersed in saliva. The connection between the biodegradation of prosthetic materials and the inflammation of periodontal tissues has been proven by many researchers. The release of organometallic compounds due to corrosion of metal alloys, with continuous contact with the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and the periodontium, may lead to an increase in their concentration in saliva and blood, potentially causing allergic reactions and negatively affecting local immunity. Materials prone to rapid degradation cause an inflammatory process with an acute course and affect nearly all stages of the inflammation process. Periodontitis caused by prosthetic constructions, by triggering immune disorders, may influence the concentration of immunoglobulins in mixed saliva.
The protective mechanisms at the level of the oral mucosa are achieved through the development of oral tolerance and the production of immunoglobulins capable of neutralizing the antigen. The concentration of immunoglobulins was determined in mixed saliva using a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay method. The research results indicate that in patients with chronic periodontitis, the concentration of immunoglobulins A and M decreases, which is associated with immune system insufficiency, as well as with their degradation by bacterial proteases or aggregation under conditions of increased exudate formation. The increased level of immunoglobulin G in patients with periodontitis compared to the control group is explained by the rise in the number of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-collagen antibodies.