ALLERGIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN UNDER CONDITIONS OF NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION PANDEMIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54890/.v3i3.125Abstract
Annotation. Coronavirus infection - COVID-19 (CoronaVirus Disease - coronavirus disease - 2019) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome CoronaVirus 2 - severe acute respiratory syndrome) has become a real disaster for all of humanity. Today, issues related to diagnostics, clinical presentations, treatm ent o f the complications, preventive measures, including vaccination for a new coronavirus infection, are relevant. It is also im portant to identify risk factors for a severe course o f the disease, features o f the developm ent o f infection against the background o f com orbid conditions and various immunological reactivity o f the hum an body. The comorbidity o f allergic and infectious diseases is based on the common hum oral and cellular m echanisms o f the immune response. The trigger for the developm ent o f allergic diseases is often the viruses of measles and chickenpox, influenza, parainfluenza, rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, coronaviruses and others. M ost allergic patients are predisposed to acute respiratory viral infections. COVID-19 occurs in 0.39-12.3% o f children. Children tend to have m ilder disease than adults and have low m ortality rates. A t the same time we should not forget about the adequate support for patients w ith chronic diseases, especially children with allergic diseases. Viruses and preventive hygiene measures associated w ith a pandemic are triggers o f an exacerbation o f bronchial asthm a and atopic dermatitis. Early diagnosis, adequate treatm ent o f allergic diseases in children and provision o f doctors w ith inform ation are also problematic. It is im portant to understand w hich AD patients are particularly at risk and how inhaled glucocorticosteroids may affect the course and outcome o f COVID-19. International associations and societies have developed guidelines for the m anagem ent of children with allergies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) for bronchial asthm a reduce the expression o f genes o f the m ain target receptors for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Anti-inflam matory therapy for asthma, prim arily ICS, should be continued until asthm a control is achieved, w hich w ill help to reduce the risk of an unfavorable course of COVID-19.
Keywords:
COVID-19, children, SARS-CoV-2, allergy, novel coronavirus infection, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria.References
1. Баранов А.А., Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Хаитов Р.М. и др. Согласованные рекомендации по ведению детей с аллергическими болезнями в период пандемии коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 (инфекции COVID-19). Пед. фармакология. 2020. Том 17. № 2. - С. 119-122.
2. Геппе Н.А., Козлова Л.В., Горелов А.В., Кондюрина Е.Г., Малахов А.Б. и др. Острые инфекции дыхательных путей. Диагностика, лечение, профилактика. Клиническое руководство. Москва, 2018.- 200 с.
3. Калмаматов К.С., Сооронбаев Т.М., Кутманова А.З. и др. Временное клиническое руководство по диагностике и лечению коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 (версия 4). Бишкек. 2020. - 174 с.
4. Колхир П.В., Олисова О.Ю., Кочергин Н.Г., Сулайманов Ш.А. Хроническая крапивница: подход к диагностике среди узких специалистов и врачей общей практики в России. Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней. 2015. Т.18. № 1. - С. 45-51.
5. Fang F., Zhao D., Chen Y. Рекомендации по диагностике, профилактике и борьбе с новой коронавирусной инфекцией 2019 года у детей (первое промежуточное издание). Чжунхуа Эр Кэ За Чжи. 2020; 145.
6. Feng Y, Ling Y, Bai T, et al. COVID-19 with different severity: a multi-center study of clinical features. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2020. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202002- 0445OC.
7. www.covid.kg.
8. Ревякина В.А., Дайхес Н.А., Геппе Н.А. РАДАР. Аллергический ринит у детей: рекомендации и алгоритм при детском аллергическом рините. М.: Оригинал-макет; 2015. 80 с. https://mosgorzdrav.ru / uploads/imperavi/ru-RU/029_2015.pdf.
9. www.covid19.who.int.
10. www.ginasthma.org2020.
11. Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y., Zhang J., et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet. Respiratory Medicine 2020 Apr; 8 (4): 420-2.
12. Zhang J., Dong X., Cao Y., et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy 2020. Jul; 75 (7): 1730-41.
13. Смолкин Ю.С., Балаболкин И.И., Горланов И.А. и др.Согласительный документ АДАИР: атопический дерматит у детей - обновление 2019. Аллергология и иммунология в педиатрии, №1 (60), март 2020.
14. Egawa G., Kabashima K. Multifactorial skin barrier deficiency and atopic dermatitis: essential topics to prevent the atopic march. J. Allergy Clinlmmunol. 2016; 138: 350-358.
15. Wang T., Du Z., Zhu F., Cao Z., et al. Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19. Lancet 2020 Mar; 395 (10228): e52.
16.Chandler W., Rundle, M.D., Colby L., et al. Hand hygiene during COVID-19: Recommendations from the American Contact Dermatitis Society. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. Vol. 83, Num. 6. 1730-1737.
17. Leung J.M., Yang C.X., Tam A., et al. ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD Patients: Implications for COVID-19. EurRespir J. 2020; 55 (5): 2000688. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00688-2020.
18. Wang T., Zhang F., Wang X. et al. Predictive factors associated with glycaemic response to exenatide in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. of Clin. Pharmacology & Therap. 2020. Oct; 45 (5): 1050-7.
19. Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the chinese center for disease control and prevention. JAMA. 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648.
20. Elmira Haji EsmaeilMemar,Babak Pourakbari, Mojtaba Gorgi et al. COVID-19 and congenital heart disease: a case series of nine children. World J. Pediatr. 2021. Jan. 2: 1-8.
21. Levin J., Friedlander S.F., Del Rosso J.Q. Atopic dermatitis and the stratum corneum - Part 1: The role of filaggrin in the stratum corneum barrier and atopic skin. J. Clin. Aesthet. Dermatol. 2013; 6 (10): 16-22.
22. Loeffelholz M.J., Tang Y.W. Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections - the state of the art. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9 (1): 747-756. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1745095:
23. Mason R.J. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. EurRespir J. 2020; 55 (4): 2000607. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00607-2020.
24. Hoffmann M., Kleine-Weber H., Schroeder S., et al. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor. Cell. 2020; 181 (2): 271-280. e8. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052.
25. Buhl R., Pfaar O., Fogelmeier C., Pletz M. PneumoLive, April 9, 2020. COVID-19: recent developments and implications on asthma, COPD and allergy. Availablefrom: https://streamedup. comAccessed 2020. Oct. 21.
26. Тороев Н.А., Бримкулов Н.Н., Сулайманов Ш.А. Эпидемиология аллергических заболеваний у детей КР. Центрально-азиатский медицинский журнал. 2003; 9 (Приложение): 119-121.
27. Rerknimitr P., Otsuka A., Nakashima C., Kabashima K. The etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: barrier disruption, immunological derangement, and pruritus. Inflamm. Regen. 2017; 37 (1): 14.
28. Vultaggio A., Agache I., Akdis C., et al. Considerations on biological for patients with allergic disease in times of the COVID- 19 pandemic: an EAACI Statement. Allergy.2020.
29. Luise Borch, Kristina Thorsteinsson, Tine Caroc Warner, et al. COVID-19 reopening causes high risk of irritant contact dermatitis in children. Dan. Med. J. 2020; 67 (9): A05200357.
30. Испаева Ж.Б. Ведение больных с аллергическими заболеваниями в период пандемии коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Вестник КазНМУ, 2020, №2. - С. 44-46.
31. Синицын В.Е., Тюрин И.Е., Митьков В.В. Временные согласительные методические рекомендации Российского общества рентгенологов и радиологов и Российской ассоциации специалистов ультразвуковой диагностики в медицине «Методы лучевой диагностики пневмонии при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19» (версия 2). Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2020. Том 101. №2. - С. 72-89.
32. Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., Liang W.H. et al. China Medical Treatment Expert.
33. Jackson D.J., Busse W.W., Bacharier L.B., et al. Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2. J Allergy ClinImmunol. 2020; S0091-6749 (20) 30551-0. doi: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2020.04.009.
34. Guan W.J., Liang W.H., Zhao Y., et al. Коморбидность и ее влияние на 1590 пациентов с Covid-19 в Китае: общенациональный анализ. Eur. J.Respir. 2020; 55 (5): 2000547. doi: 10.1183 /13993003.00547-2020.
35. Ioana M. Ciuca. COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2020:13 661-669.
36. Jessica H. Rubens, Nadine Peart Akindele, Megan M. Tschudy, Anna C. Sick-Samuels. Acute covid-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. BMJ 2021; 372: n 385 | doi: 10.1136/bmj.n385.
37. Antonio Mastrangelo, William Morello, Enrico Vidalet al. Impact of COVID- 19 Pandemic in Children with CKD or Immunosuppression. CJASN March 2021, 16 (3) 449-451; DOI: https://doi.org / 10.2215 / CJN. 13120820.
38. Ludvigsson J.F. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. ActaPaediatr. 2020; 109 (6): 1088-1095. doi: 10.1111/apa.15270.
39. Halpin D.M., Singh D., Hadfield R.M. Inhaled Corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective. Eur. Respir J. 2020; 55 (5): 2001009. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01009-2020.
40. Brake S.J., Barnsley K., Lu W., et al. Smoking upregulates angiotensin-converting еnzyme-2 receptor: a potential adhesion site for novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid- 19). J. Clin. Med. 2020; 9 (3): 841. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030841.
41. Alvin C. Powers, David M. Aronoff, Robert H. Eckel. COVID-19 vaccine prioritisation for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lancet. Vol. 9, P. 140-141.
42. Cулайманов Ш.А., Эсеналиева Ж.А. Симптомы, особенности диагностики и профилактических мер в период «второй волны» COVID-19 у жителей Кыргызской Республики. Бюллетень науки и практики. Научный электронный журнал. 2021. №4.
43. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30183-5.
44. Мокроносова М.А., Мац А.Н. Инфекция и аллергия: две стороны одной медали. Астма и аллергия. 2015.4. - С. 9-12.
45. Bousquet J., Akdis C., Jutel M., et al. Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients: an ARIA- EAACI statement. Allergy. 2020. doi: 10.1111/all.14302.
46. Shen K., Yang Y., Wang T., et al.; Global Pediatric Pulmonology Alliance. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World J. Pediatr. 2020:1-9. doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
