Euroasian Health Journal

CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (LITERATURE REVIEW)

N.Y. Alimzhonov — 2025-11-26

Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the hepatobiliary system, characterized by poor prognosis and high mortality. The aim of this literature review was to systematize and analyze current data on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and surgical treatment of сholangiocarcinoma, with a focus on identifying unresolved issues and promising directions for further research. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. Articles published between 2018 and 2025, primarily in peer-reviewed journals, were included. Selection criteria comprised the presence of clinical or experimental data, methodological and statistical reliability, and availability in English or Russian. The review encompassed original research, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, and individual case reports. Despite advances in molecular biology, imaging technologies, and surgical techniques, early diagnosis of сholangiocarcinoma remains challenging, which significantly limits the potential for curative treatment. Currently, surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy is the only approach capable of providing long-term survival. However, even after radical surgery, recurrence rates remain high, and overall survival outcomes are unsatisfactory. Contemporary research efforts are focused on the identification of novel biomarkers for early detection, refinement of preoperative resectability assessment, and the development of personalized systemic therapies. Particular attention is given to targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which offer promising opportunities to improve oncological outcomes and quality of life for patients. In conclusion, comprehensive investigation of the molecular mechanisms of сholangiocarcinoma carcinogenesis, integration of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and strengthening of multidisciplinary collaboration remain key prerequisites for enhancing treatment efficacy and improving prognosis in this patient population.

MODERN APPROACHES TO TARGETED THERAPY OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS: RESULTS OF A CLINICAL STUDY

S.Sh. Nayzabekova — 2025-12-04

This article presents the results of a prospective clinical study conducted at the National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Kyrgyz Republic. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety profile of targeted therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) using imatinib (Glivec). The study included 70 patients with histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed diagnosis of GIST. All patients received imatinib at a standard dose of 400 mg/day until disease progression or intolerance. A partial response was achieved in 70% of patients, 15% showed disease stabilization, and 10% had disease progression. Grade III–IV adverse events were observed in 20% of patients, while most tolerated the therapy well. The most common side effects were edema, fatigue, and skin rash. Median progression-free survival was 14 years in patients under 65 and 5 years in older patients. The study substantiates the use of imatinib as a first-line therapy for GIST, particularly in patients with KIT and PDGFRα sensitive mutations. Molecular diagnostics improve treatment outcomes and reduce resistance risks. The findings are consistent with international guidelines and support the role of imatinib in modern oncological practice.

ВЕРНОСТЬ ПРОФЕССИИ К ЮБИЛЕЮ ДОЦЕНТА ШЕРОВОЙ АЛЛЫ АТТОКУРОВНЫ И 60-ЛЕТИЮ ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ОБЛАСТИ АНЕСТЕЗИОЛОГИИ И ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

Ж.С. Деркембаева — 2025-12-05

Верность профессии к юбилею доцента шеровой аллы аттокуровны и 60-летию трудовой деятельности в области анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии

HONORARY PROFESSOR OF KSMA OLEG GRIGORIEVICH SHEKERA – 70 YEARS

I.O. Kudaibergenova — 2025-12-05

The article is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Oleg Grigorievich Shekera — an outstanding scientist, doctor and healthcare organizer, Honorary Professor of the Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev, Professor of the Department of Palliative and Hospice Medicine of the National University of Healthcare of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupik, Honored Doctor of Ukraine, Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Higher Education of Ukraine, President of the International Public Organization "International Association "Health of Society", Editor-in-Chief of the journal "Health of Society". The key stages of his biography, contribution to the development of military medical education, family medicine, as well as the organization of the healthcare system of Ukraine are reflected. The importance of prof. Shekera in strengthening international cooperation, in particular between the medical communities of Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, as well as his role in the creation and development of the journal "Health of Society" are noted.

ON THE ISSUE OF LATIN-KYRGYZ MEDICAL TERMS EQUIVALENCE

A.K. Duishekeeva — 2025-12-05

The article discusses the equivalence of Latin and Kyrgyz medical terms of interest to linguistics, terminology and practical medicine. The characteristic features of the translation of medical terms from Latin into Kyrgyz are analyzed and the difficulties associated with the transfer of specialized concepts are determined. Lexical-semantic and structural analysis of Kyrgyz equivalents of Latin medical terms is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the need to maintain accuracy and scientific reliability in translation, as well as taking into account the national and linguistic characteristics of the Kyrgyz language.The study is aimed at determining the main types of translation of medical terms: borrowing (insulinum – insulin), tracing paper (arteria pulmonalis – pulmonary artery), hybrid forms (gastritis – gastritis). Based on a comparative analysis of terminological systems, the main types of correspondences are determined. Special attention is paid to the linguistic aspects of the adaptation of Latin terms in the Kyrgyz-language medical discourse. In particular, such processes as transliteration, transcription and semantic tracing paper are considered. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis of the terms of the main medical nomenclatures (Terminologia Anatomica, Nomina Histologica), as well as statistical data processing to determine the frequency of various types of equivalence. The practical significance of the study is the unified use of terms in medical education programs; when compiling bilingual dictionaries; when correcting errors in the translation of clinical texts. The research contributes to the development of medical linguistics, emphasizing the importance of studying changes in the system of terms in the context of the globalization of science.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION AND SCIENCE, ITS IMPACT ON QUALITY OF LIFE

R.A. Satybaldieva — 2025-12-05

This article examines the impact of Аrtificial Intelligence on the transformation of the global educational and scientific processes, as well as its influence on the quality of life. The aim of the research is to identify key aspects of Artificial Intelligence application, its advantages, and associated challenges. For the analysis, a survey was conducted, and scientific articles and reports on Artificial Intelligence implementation were utilized. The research objects were opinions on Artificial Intelligence systems in education (positive and negative aspects during the learning process from the perspectives of students, pupils, and teachers), in everyday life (navigation, route optimization; smart devices, smart home; health and fitness, health data analysis, and assistance in maintaining physical fitness). The effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in personalizing learning and optimizing scientific research was determined, as it performs certain tasks in seconds that might take a human significantly longer. The results showed that Artificial Intelligence significantly enhances the accessibility of education (for example, through virtual assistants) and accelerates scientific discoveries (by performing routine tasks and eliminating errors in them). In turn, the obtained results indicated that Artificial Intelligence is widely used because it simplifies information search and saves time when preparing for classes; it was also determined that most people do not have a definitive opinion about Artificial Intelligence and are neutral towards it in some aspects. However, challenges related to ethics and the digital divide were identified. It was established that successful integration of Artificial Intelligence requires standardization and user training.

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF THE WOUND PROCESS: A MODERN VIEW (LITERATURE REVIEW)

E.A. Abdyshev — 2025-12-01

The article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the literature of foreign authors devoted to the main aspects of the diagnosis, monitoring and screening of the course of the wound process. The findings support the multifactorial and multi-step nature of the wound-healing process, revealing the role of interacting immune, microbiological, and biochemical mechanisms. Pathogenetics is a prominent part of modern comprehensive wound care. These include ointments, pharmaceuticals with antiseptic and antibacterial properties, as well as biopolymer-based adhesives and wound healing materials. Current research focuses not only on improving the effectiveness of local therapy, but also on optimizing methods for systemic modification of inflammatory responses, prevention of secondary complications, and improvement of repair processes. The analysis emphasizes the role of innovative technologies in wound treatment, including the development of new drug forms with long-lasting effects, selective antimicrobial activity and minimal side effects.

MODERN LASER TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

B.A. Atakulov — 2025-12-01

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common anorectal diseases, often requiring surgical intervention. Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy remains the gold standard of the surgical treatment, but is associated with significant postoperative pain and complications. Modern laser technologies, especially diode-based systems, have become a minimally invasive alternative with favorable results.
Aim. To summarize and analyze the current literature on modern laser technologies in the treatment of hemorrhoids, paying special attention to surgery techniques, clinical results and complications.
Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY for studies published before August 2025. Acceptable publications were clinical trials, original research, and a series of laser intervention cases. When extracting the data, the type of laser, wavelength, treatment protocol, patient characteristics, outcomes, and complications were taken into account.
Results. Two main laser approaches have been identified: hemorrhoidal laser procedure and laser hemorrhoidoplasty. Hemorrhoidal laser procedure, typically employing diode laser with Doppler guidance, achieved high effectiveness (84–91%) with minimal pain and low complication rates. The laser hemorrhoidoplasty, using diode lasers at 980, 1470, or 1560 nm, showed advantages over traditional hemorrhoidectomy, including reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospitalization, and quicker recovery. Comparative studies confirmed lower complication rates and higher satisfaction, though recurrence rates (5–28%) remained notable, especially in advanced stages. Recent studies suggest that combining laser hemorrhoidoplasty with mucopexy or desarterization improves long-term outcomes and reduces recurrence.
Conclusion. Diode-based laser technologies represent an effective, minimally invasive alternative to traditional hemorrhoidectomy, improving recovery and reducing complications. However, recurrence in advanced disease, the high cost of equipment and the need for specialized training limit wider use. Multicenter studies are necessary to develop standardized treatment protocols and optimize patient selection.

OPTIMIZATION OF METHODS FOR THE PREVENTION OF RESIDUAL CAVITY AFTER ECHINOCOCCECTOMY

R.M. Bashirov — 2025-12-01

Human echinococcosis remains a serious parasitic disease, with an increasing incidence in many countries worldwide, including the Kyrgyz Republic. Patients often present in the late stages of the disease with large cysts and complications. There are numerous surgical treatment methods for liver echinococcosis. Most researchers classify surgeries for echinococcosis as organ- preserving and radical. Radical surgeries are complex, more traumatic, performed in specialized clinics, and require highly qualified surgeons. Therefore, organ-preserving surgeries for liver echinococcosis are most commonly used. Despite advances in the surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis, organ-preserving surgeries remain the most common. This article presents the results of surgical treatment of complicated and uncomplicated forms of echinococcosis, depending on the methods used to eliminate the fibrous capsule cavity during surgery. Organ-preserving surgeries are defined as all surgeries that completely or partially preserve the fibrous capsule. We used this technique in 156 (65.5%) of 238 patients with primary liver echinococcosis. Eighty-two (34.5%) were operated on using our improved methods. The incidence of various complications (residual cavity, bile leakage, bleeding) after liver echinococcectomy is presented, both after traditional methods of fibrous capsule cavity elimination and after our improved organ-preserving surgeries. In patients who underwent cavity elimination using our developed and improved methods, postoperative complications were minimal compared to those after traditional organ-preserving surgeries and significantly differed.

RECURENT ERCHINOCOCCOSIS OF THE LIVER

R.M. Bashirov — 2025-12-01

This article presents the incidence of recurrent liver echinococcosis based on data from Bishkek City Clinical Hospital No. 1, diagnostic features, differential diagnosis from residual cavities after echinococcectomy of nonparasitic liver cysts, and the results of surgical treatment of its various forms. In recent years, there has been an increase in primary echinococcosis in the Kyrgyz Republic, along with a growing number of patients with recurrent echinococcosis, the diagnosis and treatment of which presents certain difficulties compared to primary echinococcosis. Existing immunological methods are uninformative due to sensitization after primary echinococcosis. The results of using various scolexicidal drugs to destroy fruiting elements of echinococcal cysts are studied. The effectiveness of using a 0.2% Decasan solution for the prevention of echinococcosis recurrence has been proven. The primary treatment for recurrent echinococcosis is surgery combined with antiparasitic medications. Videolaparoscopic surgical techniques used for primary echinococcosis are not possible in cases of recurrent echinococcosis due to adhesions after the initial surgery. However, a minimally invasive method, ultrasound-guided cyst puncture with drainage and active aspiration, is available. A 0.2% Decasan solution is injected into the cyst cavity to destroy the fertilizing elements of thе echinococcosis.

MULTISTAGE RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL CLEFT LIP AND PALATE

A.M. Еshiev — 2025-12-01

The article presents the experience of comprehensive surgical treatment of 685 children with congenital cleft lip and palate, performed at the Osh Interregional Joint Clinical Hospital. The aim of the study is to improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment for congenital clefts of the upper lip, palate, and alveolar process of the maxilla, as well as to restore the aesthetic integrity of the facial skeleton through rhinoplasty. Modern and adapted correction techniques are considered, including modified cheiloplasty, uranoplasty, autologous bone grafting of the alveolar process, and open rhinoplasty, taking into account the patients’ age and anatomical-physiological characteristics. The chosen strategy of staged surgical intervention – from early defect correction to final reconstructive operations during adolescence – makes it possible to achieve stable functional and aesthetic outcomes, contributing to the child’s full physical, speech, and psycho-emotional development. The high clinical efficacy of the staged approach, comprehensive patient management, and active involvement of their families in the treatment process is demonstrated. The obtained results confirm the importance of introducing the authors’ techniques and multidisciplinary rehabilitation to achieve stable functional-aesthetic outcomes and to improve the quality of life of children with congenital maxillofacial deformities. A comprehensive and innovative approach to the treatment of congenital maxillofacial deformities is the key to successful rehabilitation and socio-psychological adaptation of patients. This necessitates further research and the implementation of new technologies to optimize the treatment process.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES FOR INFLAMMATORY COMPLICATIONS AFTER THYROID SURGERY AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

Е.Zh. Zholdozhbekov — 2025-12-02

One of the most common complications after thyroid surgery is postoperative wound infection, which significantly affects the course of the recovery period. The development of such complications leads to an increase in the length of hospital stay, higher financial costs, and a slower rehabilitation process. Therefore, the prevention of wound complications remains an important task in modern thyroid surgery.
The present study aimed to justify and evaluate the effectiveness of a set of preventive measures to reduce the risk of wound complications in patients undergoing thyroid surgery for nodular goiter. A total of 80 patients operated on in the surgical departments of City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Bishkek between 2021 and 2024 were observed. The preventive complex included perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, irrigation of the surgical wound with a 0.02% Decasan solution with pronounced antimicrobial properties, and active drainage of the thyroid bed to ensure timely removal of exudate and prevent inflammatory changes.
The results showed that the incidence of wound complications was 2.5%, and the average hospital stay did not exceed 3.5 ± 0.37 bed-days. The obtained data confirm the high effectiveness of the proposed preventive complex, which can be recommended for use in all types of thyroid surgical interventions.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING PREDICTORS OF TREATMENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH "FAILED BACK SURGERY" SYNDROME

U.A. Karimov — 2025-12-03

Herniated lumbar intervertebral discs are the most common etiological cause of lumbar radiculopathy. Routine discectomy makes it possible to achieve the fastest regression of the clinical manifestations of the disease, although a significant proportion of patients demonstrate satisfactory results with conservative therapy.

The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the initial data of magnetic resonance imaging (including central and foraminal stenosis, modal changes, disc morphological characteristics, faceted arthropathy, degree of disc degeneration, compression of nerve roots and dural sac) and the differential effect of surgical intervention.
Materials and methods. Intervertebral hernia remains the leading cause of lumbar radiculopathy, which can be treated both surgically (discectomy) and nonoperatively. Despite the fact that MRI retains the status of a reliable "gold standard" of diagnosis, the degree of influence of its results on the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches remains unclear. The study included one hundred and three complete tomographic images of patients who underwent the deidentification procedure and were evaluated by independent experts. The data obtained were compared with treatment outcome indicators, including the Oswestry disability index. A comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment was carried out between subgroups identified by image characteristics, and the therapeutic effect was determined based on differences in scores on the Oswestry index.
Results. The study cohort included 40% of women with an average age of 41.5 ± 11.6 years, of whom 61% underwent discectomy for intervertebral herniation. Patients with surgical changes of type I end plates had less favorable outcomes after surgery (p = 0.003). Patients with compression ≥1/3 showed the greatest improvement in the surgical group (p=0.007) and the highest treatment rate (p=0.015). In addition, patients with minimal nerve root injury showed worse surgical results (p=0.016).
Conclusion. Among people with a herniated disc, a more pronounced positive effect of surgical intervention was observed in patients with dural sac compression ≥ 1/3, compared with patients with small hernias and modal changes of type I. In addition, the best results of surgical treatment were observed in patients with significant displacement or compression of the nerve roots compared with patients with only minimal pinching of the roots.

HOLMIUM LASER ENUCLEATION IN THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PROSTATE ADENOMA IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

N.K. Monolov — 2025-12-03

This article evaluates the effectiveness and safety of the Holmium Laser Enucleation method for the surgical treatment of prostate adenoma in the Kyrgyz Republic. A prospective study conducted between two thousand twenty and two thousand twenty-four included one thousand two hundred eleven patients, categorized into groups based on prostate volume. The study aimed to confirm the method's consistent efficacy regardless of the gland's size. Holmium Laser Enucleation demonstrated high and comparable effectiveness across all patient groups. Post-operative parameters, including the International Prostate Symptom Score and maximum urinary flow rate, showed no statistically significant differences during the twelve-month follow-up period. The average duration of catheterization was twenty-four hours, and hospitalization lasted three days. Temporary stress urinary incontinence was recorded in only three-point six percent of patients. Holmium Laser Enucleation is a safe and effective method for treating prostate adenoma, applicable to glands of any
size. Its advantages, such as minimal blood loss, short hospitalization, and the absence of Transurethral Resection syndrome risk, establish it as an endoscopic alternative to open adenomectomy and the new "gold standard."

KEY ASPECTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PROSTATE ADENOMA IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

N.K. Monolov — 2025-12-03

This article is dedicated to a retrospective analysis of the evolution of surgical treatment methods for prostate adenoma (benign prostatic hyperplasia) in the Kyrgyz Republic. The study covers the period from 1941 to 2023, examining the stages of the urological service's formation and the development of surgical approaches. Until the 2000s, open adenomectomy, associated with high trauma, remained the dominant method. The transition to minimally invasive surgery began in 2004 with the introduction of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. A true technological breakthrough occurred with the implementation of Bipolar Enucleation in 2019 and Holmium Laser Enucleation in 2020. Clinical analysis, based on the experience of treating 500 patients with Bipolar Enucleation and 900 patients with Holmium Laser Enucleation, demonstrated the high efficacy of these methods. They allow for the radical removal of adenomas of any size, reduce hospitalization time to two or three days, completely eliminate the risk of Transurethral Resection syndrome, and minimize the risk of recurrence. Urology in Kyrgyzstan has successfully progressed from traumatic open surgeries to high-tech laser techniques.

ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN THE ELDERLY WITH INTUSSUSCEPTION OF THE APPENDIX (CLINICAL CASE)

A.A. Sopuev — 2025-12-04

Intussusception of the appendix, both primary, caused by anatomical and morphological features and motility of the appendix, and secondary associated with the presence of various benign and malignant neoplasms in the appendix and ileocecal region, remains an insufficiently studied and poorly covered problem in surgical literature to date.
Objective of the study: а clinical case of successful diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis caused by intussusception of the appendix in elderly and senile individuals is described.
Materials and methods. An extremely rare case of complete intussusception of the appendix in a 64-year-old patient who received inpatient treatment at the Academician M.M. Mamakeev National Surgical Center is presented.
Results. The presented clinical observation confirms the complexity of preoperative diagnostics of intussusception of the vermiform appendix. The rare variant of intussusception of the vermiform appendix described by us, despite the rarity of this pathology, indicates its enormous clinical significance for emergency surgery.
Conclusion.Despite the physiological slowing of intestinal peristalsis in old age, in this age group there remains a risk of developing acute appendicitis associated with intussusception of the appendix.

THE USE OF COMBINED MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT PTERYGIUM

N.A. Turgunbaev — 2025-12-04

Pterygium, or wing-shaped membrane, is one of the most common eye diseases, especially prevalent in regions with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. In Central Asia, this disease affects between 1% and 6% of the total population, which allows this region to be classified as part of the so-called “pterygium belt,” located approximately within ±40˚ of the equator. Pterygium accounts for a significant proportion of eye diseases in our country — in urban areas, it ranges from 2% to 2.5%, which highlights the importance of finding effective treatment methods. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery in combination with 5- fluorouracil in the treatment of recurrent forms of pterygium. The study included 11 patients (11 eyes) with recurrent pterygium stages I–III. All patients underwent standard ophthalmological examinations to assess their initial condition and dynamics after the intervention. The combined treatment technique used included standard mini autoconjunctival plasty, during which an anesthetic and 5-fluorouracil were administered to the autograft area prior to flap excision to increase the effectiveness of the procedure. No serious complications were recorded during the intraoperative and postoperative periods, which indicates the safety of the method used. In all operated patients, visual acuity in the postoperative period ranged from 0.6 to 1.0, and the remaining ophthalmological indicators remained within normal limits. The new method of combined minimally invasive pterygium surgery that we have proposed has proven to be highly effective and safe and has provided excellent cosmetic results, which gives us reason to recommend it for widespread use in clinical practice.

COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS IN KYRGYZSTAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES (LITERATURE REVIEW)

A.M.A. Amer — 2025-11-29

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, dryness, flaking, and recurrence. It is one of the most common allergic dermatoses and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, especially children and adolescents. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis among children ranges from 10 to 20%, and among adults, from 1 to 3%. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the incidence of the disease is increasing, especially in large cities and industrially developed regions. The highest number of visits is recorded in the spring and fall, due to seasonal climate changes and increased allergen load. The increase in atopic dermatitis cases in Kyrgyzstan is linked to environmental changes, urbanization, and lifestyle changes. Lack of awareness among parents and teachers about proper skin care for children leads to frequent flare-ups and complications. The increasing incidence of atopic dermatitis is the result of a combination of heredity and environmental factors. The main causes are urbanization, pollution, loss of biodiversity, and lifestyle changes. To slow this trend, environmental measures, education, and prevention from childhood are necessary. This requires the active implementation of prevention programs at the clinic and school level, advanced training for healthcare workers, and public outreach. Atopic dermatitis is a global problem, the incidence of which is increasing worldwide, especially among children, and is often chronic. The prevalence and characteristics of atopic dermatitis in Kyrgyzstan have not been adequately studied; however, as elsewhere, it is a serious condition that reduces quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is a significant medical and social problem that requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The development and implementation of national programs for the control of atopic dermatitis in the Kyrgyz Republic can help reduce the prevalence of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF TUBERCULOSIS COMBINED WITH ANEMIA (LITERATURE REVIEW)

G.O. Omuralieva — 2025-11-29

The WHO’s tuberculosis elimination strategy aims to reduce incidence and mortality by 90% and 95% by 2035. Studies show that anemia is present in 61.53% of tuberculosis patients. In the Kyrgyz Republic, common types include iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, and anemia of chronic disease. Anemia reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality. Addressing anemia through nutritional and medical interventions can enhance immune function and improve tuberculosis outcomes. This study reviewed recent literature on the relationship between TB and anemia, including how each affects the detection and progression of the other, as well as prevention and treatment strategies. A systematic search of articles from the past 5–6 years was
conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect, focusing on anemia’s prevalence among tuberculosis patients and its impact on treatment results. Understanding anemia's causes is key to creating preventive strategies through early screening. Effective prevention requires collaboration across healthcare, education, and communities. Early detection and management of anemia in tuberculosispatients are vital for improving treatment outcomes for both conditions. A comprehensive approach to diagnosis and therapy will help optimize care. Given the strong link between tuberculosis and anemia, integrated treatment strategies and further research are essential to enhance recovery and reduce complications in affected populations.

DETERMINATION OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM WASTEWATER IN THE CITY OF BISHKEK (APRIL – JUNE 2025)

D.O. Ashiralieva — 2025-11-28

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the microbiological contamination of wastewater in Bishkek city and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of isolated microorganisms. Between April and June 2025, five monitoring points were examined, including the wastewater discharge area near the thermal power plant (TPP), several sites along the Big Chui Canal (BCC) in different parts of the city, and the municipal wastewater treatment facilities. A total of 15 water samples were collected and analyzed using the titration method in accordance with the standards of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST).
The bacteriological analysis identified representatives of conditionally pathogenic microflora — Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Enterobacter aerogenes. All isolated strains showed susceptibility to the tested antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The highest level of microbial contamination was recorded near the TPP discharge area, likely due to high concentrations of organic matter and elevated temperature. Although no resistant strains were detected, the findings indicate a potential risk of antibiotic resistance emergence under the influence of climate-related factors such as rising temperatures and altered hydrological conditions. The study emphasizes the importance of regular microbiological and climate monitoring of Bishkek’s water bodies, improvement of wastewater control systems, and the development of preventive measures to curb the spread of resistant microorganisms in the context of climate change.

STUDY OF THE QUANTITATIVE CONTENT OF VITAMIN C AND EXTRACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE USING ULTRASONIC TREATMENT

D. Toktorbek kyzy — 2025-11-29

Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidants involved in the biochemical processes of the body. The importance of preserving it during the extraction of plant materials determines the relevance of this study. This work examines the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the vitamin C content and the yield of extractive substances.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of ultrasonic processing in extracting bioactive compounds compared to the traditional method of heating on a magnetic stirrer. The study was conducted using two extraction methods: ultrasonic treatment (10, 30, and 50 minutes) and heating on a magnetic stirrer (for the same durations). The quantitative content of vitamin C was determined using iodometric titration, and the yield of extractive substances was measured using a gravimetric method. Ultrasonic treatment increases the vitamin C content in extracts compared to thermal processing. The optimal duration for the highest vitamin C content is 10 minutes, while the maximum yield of extractive substances is achieved at 30 minutes. Prolonged exposure reduces extraction
efficiency. Ultrasonic treatment is a promising technology that enhances the biological value of extracts. This method can be applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries to produce products with high concentrations of bioactive substances.

ORGANIZATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF DENTISTS IN MODERN HEALTHCARE CONDITIONS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

T.K. Abdyshev — 2025-11-28

The article examines modern aspects of organizing the professional activity of dentists in the context of healthcare system reform and digitalization of medical practice. Key factors affecting the efficiency of dentists’ professional activities are analyzed, including the rational allocation of working time, optimization of clinical processes, and the implementation of innovative technologies. Particular attention is paid to the prevention of occupational stress, ensuring biological and psychophysiological safety, and improving working conditions.
Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign studies, the main problems hindering the improvement of labor organization for dentists are identified: limited material and technical resources, high work intensity, risk of occupational diseases, and insufficient level of digital integration. The article presents directions for improving labor organization, such as the implementation of digital diagnostic and treatment protocols, the use of electronic medical records, telemedicine technologies, and distance education for specialists.
Special emphasis is placed on the role of digitalization in improving the quality of medical care, standardizing clinical protocols, and enhancing interaction between doctors and patients. At the same time, existing limitations in the Kyrgyz Republic are noted, including insufficient material and technical base and a low level of staff training to work with modern technologies.
It is concluded that the competent organization of dentists' professional activities is a key factor in improving the quality of dental care, reducing professional risks, and increasing patient satisfaction. A systematic approach to the modernization of the dental service is recommended, taking into account
national characteristics and international experience.

MODERN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN THE FIELD OF REMOTE HEALTHCARE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

A.A. Ashyrbaev — 2025-11-26

The goal of the study: to identify modern methods of developing professional competencies among medical workers in remote healthcare.
Objectives of the study: to identify modern methods of training medical specialists to work in remote healthcare environments worldwide and to outline modern ways of training medical specialists to work in remote healthcare environments in the Kyrgyz Republic.
Materials and methods. The study included an analysis of specialized literature on this topic. Research methods included chronological, narrative, and analytical approaches.
Results. The Russian Federation implements state educational programs to train medical specialists for remote healthcare, and virtual reality and telemedicine methods are widely used. The Kyrgyz Republic currently lacks a separate program to train medical specialists for remote healthcare. Physicians working at remote industrial sites complete a standard course in emergency care at the Kyrgyz State Medical Institute for Retraining and Advanced Training.
Conclusions. Remote healthcare is currently an important issue in the healthcare sector. Improving and maintaining the health of the working-age population has been identified as a priority at the state level. The role of medical personnel in achieving this goal is key. Therefore, the need to develop a
system for training medical specialists for remote healthcare in the Kyrgyz Republic is noted.

THE ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE: A SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES, AND PROSPECTS

P.T. Zholueva — 2025-11-28

Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming all aspects of life, and healthcare is no exception. The implementation of machine learning and deep neural network technologies offers revolutionary opportunities for increasing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment, and optimizing managerial processes in medical institutions. Against this backdrop, a systematic analysis of artificial intelligence's capabilities, challenges, and prospects becomes critically important for formulating an effective national healthcare development strategy. The purpose of this review is to provide an analytical assessment of the role of artificial intelligence in modern medical practice and to define the main directions for its most effective and evidence-based implementation. The study was conducted as a targeted analytical literature review, followed by the thematic systematization of data obtained from international and national scientific sources. The article summarizes the current trends in the use of artificial intelligence across key areas of clinical medicine, including the automated interpretation of medical images (diagnostics), support for personalized treatment strategies, early detection and prediction of disease progression, robotic surgical assistance, and optimization of organizational and managerial processes in healthcare institutions. Particular attention is given to barriers preventing large-scale integration, such as the limited transparency of algorithmic reasoning, variability and representativeness of training datasets, and challenges of ensuring adherence to ethical, regulatory, and data protection standards. Conclusions. Based on the synthesis of sources, priority areas for the application and development of artificial intelligence withinthe healthcare system of the Kyrgyz Republic are identified, including the creation of sustainable digital infrastructures, professional training of specialists capable of safe and responsible use of artificial intelligence tools, and the formation of unified national standards.